據(jù)悉,,許多醫(yī)療設(shè)備,,包括人工髖關(guān)節(jié)、假牙,、導(dǎo)管等,,均可能面臨不速之客—被稱為生物膜的病原微生物的復(fù)雜共同體,它們可對(duì)人體免疫系統(tǒng)和抗生素產(chǎn)生抵抗性,,這是人類健康的一個(gè)嚴(yán)重威脅。然而,,研究人員可能有研究生物膜的一個(gè)新方法,,該研究8月2日在線發(fā)表在開放存取期刊《PLoS Biology》上,由Iowa大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家David Soll和他的同事完成,。
此前,,研究人員認(rèn)為,每個(gè)病原體都會(huì)形成一種生物膜,,但Soll和他的同事們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),,有害的真菌病原體白色念珠菌形成了兩種生物膜,傳統(tǒng)的致病的生物膜,,以及第二個(gè)為有性生物膜,。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)提供了新的、深刻的見解,,以開發(fā)破壞致病的生物膜的新治療方法,。
Soll和他的同事首次發(fā)現(xiàn),,絕大多數(shù)-90%左右-寄居在人體的細(xì)胞形成了一種致病的生物膜,抗真菌劑,、抗體或白血細(xì)胞均不能滲透,。這些細(xì)胞是性機(jī)能不全的。但小部分-約10%-的細(xì)胞是具有性能力的,,可形成高滲透性和穿透性的生物膜,,Soll和他的同事們已發(fā)現(xiàn)這可作為一個(gè)進(jìn)行交配的支持性環(huán)境。他們證明,,雖然致病性生物膜和有性生物膜顯示出宏觀上的相似性,,但它們是受完全不同的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路調(diào)控的。
“這兩種外表相似,、但功能不同的生物膜為我們發(fā)現(xiàn)是什么使致病的生物膜對(duì)所有的攻擊均產(chǎn)生抵抗性,,而有性生物膜則不產(chǎn)生抵抗性,提供了一種工具,,”Soll說,。“無論這種差異是什么,都將代表未來藥物發(fā)現(xiàn)的主要目標(biāo),。”(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001117
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Alternative Mating Type Configurations (a/α versus a/a or α/α) of Candida albicans Result in Alternative Biofilms Regulated by Different Pathways
Song Yi, Nidhi Sahni, Karla J. Daniels, Kevin L. Lu, Thyagarajan Srikantha, Guanghua Huang, Adam M. Garnaas, David R. Soll
Many persistent pain states (pain lasting for hours, days, or longer) are poorly treated because of the limitations of existing therapies. Analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids often provide incomplete pain relief and prolonged use results in the development of severe side effects. Identification of the key mediators of various types of pain could improve such therapies. Here, we tested the hypothesis that hitherto unrecognized cytokines and chemokines might act as mediators in inflammatory pain. We used ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation to induce persistent, abnormal sensitivity to pain in humans and rats. The expression of more than 90 different inflammatory mediators was measured in treated skin at the peak of UVB-induced hypersensitivity with custom-made