科學(xué)家們的一項(xiàng)新研究稱,，人大腸中的細(xì)胞可能減緩"好"脂肪組織的活性,，這里的"好"脂肪組織是一類能快速燃燒熱量、有助于預(yù)防肥胖的特殊脂肪,。這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)表在ACS的Journal of Proteome Research上,，它照亮了預(yù)防肥胖與促進(jìn)體重減輕的道路，包括成功研究出微生物治療方法與藥物的可能,。
Sandrine P. Claus,，Jeremy K. Nicholson和同事們這樣解釋，數(shù)百萬(wàn)細(xì)菌存在于健康人的大腸中,，在那里他們幫助消化食物和制造特定的維生素,。但最近，科學(xué)家們已認(rèn)識(shí)到這些細(xì)菌能做得更多——他們以影響能量使用與貯藏的方式與其所在之處相互作用,，并精細(xì)地調(diào)節(jié)免疫系統(tǒng),。Claus 和 Nicholson決定觀察腸細(xì)菌如何影響褐色脂肪的活性。"好"脂肪在被貯存為脂肪之前快速地燃燒熱量,，褐色脂肪小量地存在于頸和其他地方--不象腰部與臀部周圍松弛的白色脂肪,。研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào)還沒(méi)有人觀察過(guò)這些細(xì)菌是否對(duì)褐色脂肪有作用。
在"無(wú)菌"（GF）小鼠（沒(méi)有大腸內(nèi)細(xì)菌）與正常小鼠的對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn)中,，科學(xué)家們揭示了細(xì)菌影響褐色脂肪活性的證據(jù),。GF小鼠中的褐色脂肪似乎更有活性，燃燒熱量快于正常小鼠中的,。正常雄性小鼠比雌性更重,、更肥，但是這些區(qū)別在GF小鼠中就消失了,。研究也揭示了雄雌性小鼠與它們的腸道菌間相互作用的主要區(qū)別,，這可能有助于解釋為什么肥胖流行在婦女中更嚴(yán)重,、發(fā)展更迅速。這些和其他的發(fā)現(xiàn)可指出一條通向激發(fā)人體內(nèi)褐色脂肪活性以預(yù)防或治療肥胖癥的道路,。（生物谷bioon.com）
doi:10.1021/pr200938v
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Gut Microbiota Modulate the Metabolism of Brown Adipose Tissue in Mice
Renaud Mestdagh, Marc-Emmanuel Dumas, Serge Rezzi, Sunil Kochhar, Elaine Holmes, Sandrine P. Claus, Jeremy K. Nicholson
Abstract A two by two experimental study has been designed to determine the effect of gut microbiota on energy metabolism in mouse models. The metabolic phenotype of germ-free (GF, n = 20) and conventional (n = 20) mice was characterized using a NMR spectroscopy-based metabolic profiling approach, with a focus on sexual dimorphism (20 males, 20 females) and energy metabolism in urine, plasma, liver, and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Physiological data of age-matched GF and conventional mice showed that male animals had a higher weight than females in both groups. In addition, conventional males had a significantly higher total body fat content (TBFC) compared to conventional females, whereas this sexual dimorphism disappeared in GF animals (i.e., male GF mice had a TBFC similar to those of conventional and GF females). Profiling of BAT hydrophilic extracts revealed that sexual dimorphism in normal mice was absent in GF animals, which also displayed lower BAT lactate levels and higher levels of (D)-3-hydroxybutyrate in liver, plasma, and BAT, together with lower circulating levels of VLDL. These data indicate that the gut microbiota modulate the lipid metabolism in BAT, as the absence of gut microbiota stimulated both hepatic and BAT lipolysis while inhibiting lipogenesis. We also demonstrated that 1H NMR metabolic profiles of BAT were excellent predictors of BW and TBFC, indicating the potential of BAT to fight against obesity
