近日,,國(guó)際雜志《美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)雜志》(JAMA)在線刊登了國(guó)外一則研究成果“Risk of Intussusception Following Administration of a Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine in US Infants,”這項(xiàng)研究披露,,盡管有些資料提示,,在嬰兒中給予五價(jià)輪狀病毒疫苗可能會(huì)使腸套疊(小腸或大腸的一部分像望遠(yuǎn)鏡一樣向前滑入到其自身之中)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加,,但一項(xiàng)對(duì)超過了75萬(wàn)次該疫苗的接種分析沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)在疫苗接種后發(fā)生這種情況的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)增加。
根據(jù)文章的背景資料:“在1999年,,因?yàn)榻臃N恒河猴四價(jià)輪狀病毒疫苗(RRV,, Rotashield)后發(fā)生腸套疊的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)明顯增加而該疫苗被撤出美國(guó)的市場(chǎng)。自那以后,,2種預(yù)防輪狀病毒感染的疫苗獲得了在美國(guó)使用的許可:2006年推出的一種五價(jià)的輪狀病毒疫苗(RV5,, RotaTeq)及2008年推出的一種單價(jià)的輪狀病毒疫苗(RV1, Rotarix) ,。”由于先前存在的RRV與腸套疊之間的關(guān)聯(lián),,人們開展了大規(guī)模的許可證發(fā)放前的試驗(yàn),但他們沒有觀察到腸套疊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的增加,。“然而2則最近的國(guó)際性許可證發(fā)放后的評(píng)估 (在澳大利亞,、墨西哥和巴西進(jìn)行)發(fā)現(xiàn),在給予第一次輪狀病毒疫苗接種后的第一個(gè)星期中,,發(fā)生腸套疊的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)增加,。”
波士頓哈佛公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院的Irene M. Shui, Sc.D.及其同事對(duì)與輪狀病毒疫苗有關(guān)的腸套疊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行了重新檢查,,并以給予第一次接種后1-7天的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之窗作為特別的關(guān)注焦點(diǎn),。該研究包括年齡在4至34個(gè)星期的嬰兒,,他們被納入到疫苗安全性數(shù)據(jù)鏈接(VSD)的研究之中,并在2006年5月至2010年2月間接受了RV5的接種,。在研究人員所進(jìn)行的分析中包括,,比較那些接受了RV5接種的嬰兒與那些在同一時(shí)期中接受了其它沒有RV5的建議疫苗的嬰兒的腸套疊發(fā)生率。文章的作者還納入了根據(jù)美國(guó)發(fā)放RV5許可證之前所估算的腸套疊基礎(chǔ)發(fā)生率而得到的預(yù)計(jì)的腸套疊就診數(shù)資料,。
從2006年5月至2010年2月,,共接種了78萬(wàn)6725劑RV5。在這些接種中,,有39%(30萬(wàn)9844次接種)為第一次接種,,33%為第二次接種,28%為第三次接種,。比較群組包括了38萬(wàn)9026次就診,。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),在經(jīng)過年齡校正之后,,在所有劑量的結(jié)合或劑量特異性的分析中,,在1-30天的時(shí)間窗中或在1-7天的時(shí)間窗中都沒有出現(xiàn)具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的腸套疊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的明顯增加。在所有RV5接種之后的1-30天的時(shí)間窗中出現(xiàn)了21例的腸套疊,,而預(yù)計(jì)的腸套疊病例為20.9例,;在第一次接種之后,出現(xiàn)了7例腸套疊,,而預(yù)計(jì)的腸套疊病例為5.7例,。在所有RV5接種之后的1-7天的時(shí)間窗中出現(xiàn)了4例腸套疊,而預(yù)計(jì)病例為4.3例,;對(duì)第一次接種而言,,出現(xiàn)了1例腸套疊,而預(yù)計(jì)病例為0.8例,。
文章的作者得出結(jié)論:“在這一大型的對(duì)幾乎80萬(wàn)次RV5疫苗的接種——其中超過30萬(wàn)次為第一次接種的前瞻性許可證發(fā)放后安全性監(jiān)測(cè)研究中,,我們沒有觀察到RV5接種后有任何的腸套疊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的增加。輪狀病毒疫苗的采用對(duì)美國(guó)嬰兒中的嚴(yán)重輪狀病毒疾病具有相當(dāng)大的公共衛(wèi)生方面的效應(yīng),。盡管我們無法完全排除非常低水平的腸套疊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的可能性,,但我們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)化了贊同用疫苗來有效控制嚴(yán)重的孩童輪狀病毒疾病的證據(jù)基礎(chǔ)。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1001/jama.2012.97
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Risk of Intussusception Following Administration of a Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine in US Infants
Shui, Irene M.; Baggs, James; Patel, Manish; Parashar, Umesh D.; Rett, Melisa; Belongia, Edward A.; Hambidge, Simon J.; Glanz, Jason M.; Klein, Nicola P.; Weintraub, Eric
Context Current rotavirus vaccines were not associated with intussusception in large prelicensure trials. However, recent postlicensuredata from international settings suggest the possibility of a low-level elevated risk, primarily in the first week after thefirst vaccine dose.Objective To examine the risk of intussusception following pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) in US infants.Design, Setting, and Patients This cohort study included infants 4 to 34 weeks of age, enrolled in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) who received RV5 fromMay 2006-February 2010. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), relative risks (RRs), and 95% confidence intervalsfor the association between intussusception and RV5 by comparing the rates of intussusception in infants who had receivedRV5 with the rates of intussusception in infants who received other recommended vaccines without concomitant RV5 during theconcurrent period and with the expected number of intussusception visits based on background rates assessed prior to US licensureof the RV5 (2001-2005).Main Outcome Measure Intussusception occurring in the 1- to 7-day and 1- to 30-day risk windows following RV5 vaccination.Results During the study period, 786 725 total RV5 doses, which included 309 844 first doses, were administered. We did not observea statistically significant increased risk of intussusception with RV5 for either comparison group following any dose in eitherthe 1- to 7-day or 1- to 30-day risk window. For the 1- to 30-day window following all RV5 doses, we observed 21 cases ofintussusception compared with 20.9 expected cases (SIR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.62-1.54); following dose 1, we observed 7 cases comparedwith 5.7 expected cases (SIR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.5-2.54). For the 1- to 7-day window following all RV5 doses, we observed 4 casescompared with 4.3 expected cases (SIR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.25-2.36); for dose 1, we observed 1 case compared with 0.8 expectedcase (SIR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.03-6.75). The upper 95% CI limit of the SIR (6.75) from the historical comparison translates toan upper limit for the attributable risk of 1 intussusception case per 65 287 RV5 dose-1 recipients.Conclusion Among US infants aged 4 to 34 weeks who received RV5, the risk of intussusception was not increased compared with infantswho did not receive the rotavirus vaccine.