近日,，國際著名雜志PLoS ONE在線發(fā)表了中科院水生生物研究所研究人員的最新研究成果“Composition, Diversity, and Origin of the Bacterial Community in Grass Carp Intestine,，”,，文章中，研究者在草魚消化道微生物的研究上取得新進(jìn)展,，該研究工作主要由吳山功副研究員等人完成,。
動(dòng)物消化道內(nèi)存在著大量的微生物，在長期進(jìn)化過程中與宿主動(dòng)物協(xié)同進(jìn)化而具有許多重要功能,，其中參與宿主消化道物質(zhì)代謝與能量代謝是其最重要的功能之一。因此,，消化道微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定,，對于宿主營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的消化與吸收有重要作用。草魚是全球淡水養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)量最大的一個(gè)品種,，2009年草魚養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)量占我國淡水養(yǎng)殖總產(chǎn)量的21.4%,，但迄今為止，尚缺乏對于草魚腸道微生物的深入研究,。
近年來,，中國科學(xué)院水生生物研究所王桂堂研究員學(xué)科組在“973”項(xiàng)目“淡水池塘集約化養(yǎng)殖的基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)問題研究”的支持下,，對草魚消化道微生物開展了一系列研究工作。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，草魚腸道存在核心的微生物區(qū)系,，潛在的病原菌和益生菌都是草魚腸道區(qū)系的重要成員；消化道中有許多對食物消化起重要作用的纖維素降解細(xì)菌,；底泥和水體中的微生物會(huì)最終影響腸道微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu),，而食物中的細(xì)菌能夠快速改變腸道微生物區(qū)系；生長發(fā)育差異顯著的草魚其消化道微生物存在明顯差異,。進(jìn)一步的培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),，潛在的病原菌——氣單胞菌屬的種類恰恰又是消化道纖維素食物降解的重要類群之一。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030440
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Composition, Diversity, and Origin of the Bacterial Community in Grass Carp Intestine
Shangong Wu1, Guitang Wang1*, Esther R. Angert2, Weiwei Wang1, Wenxiang Li1, Hong Zou1
Gut microbiota has become an integral component of the host, and received increasing attention. However, for many domestic animals, information on the microbiota is insufficient and more effort should be exerted to manage the gastrointestinal bacterial community. Understanding the factors that influence the composition of microbial community in the host alimentary canal is essential to manage or improve the microbial community composition. In the present study, 16S rRNA gene sequence-based comparisons of the bacterial communities in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) intestinal contents and fish culture-associated environments are performed. The results show that the fish intestinal microbiota harbors many cellulose-decomposing bacteria, including sequences related to Anoxybacillus, Leuconostoc, Clostridium, Actinomyces, and Citrobacter. The most abundant bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the grass carp intestinal content are those related to feed digestion. In addition, the potential pathogens and probiotics are important members of the intestinal microbiota. Further analyses show that grass carp intestine holds a core microbiota composed of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. The comparison analyses reveal that the bacterial community in the intestinal contents is most similar to those from the culture water and sediment. However, feed also plays significant influence on the composition of gut microbiota.
