近日，國際著名雜志PNAS在線刊登的一項研究報告說，一種基于單RNA的陣列可能迅速同時識別出感染性生物以及可能用于應(yīng)對它們的抗生素,。
Deborah T. Hung及其同事們使用具有物種特異性的RNA標(biāo)記發(fā)現(xiàn)了一大批感染原,，包括細菌,、病毒,、酵母和寄生蟲。這組科研人員還確定了每個病原體的抗生素敏感性,，方法是分析短暫暴露在一種抗生素之后引發(fā)的轉(zhuǎn)錄應(yīng)答,，這可以把敏感和耐藥生物區(qū)分開來。利用一個簡單的商品化方法,，這組科研人員識別出了諸如埃希氏大腸菌,、人類免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）和流感病毒等病毒，以及導(dǎo)致瘧疾的寄生蟲,。這種陣列還區(qū)分開了諸如埃希氏大腸菌和結(jié)核分枝桿菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis）等對抗生素敏感和耐藥的菌株,。
當(dāng)使用這種陣列分析臨床尿樣的時候，它識別出了病原體并確定了它們的抗生素敏感性,，而不需要擴增核酸或者分離病原體,。這組作者說，RNA標(biāo)記可能用于探測一大批病原體,，而這項研究證明了用這種方法迅速診斷感染性疾病的可行性,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1073/pnas.1119540109
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RNA signatures allow rapid identification of pathogens and antibiotic susceptibilities
Amy K. Barczaka,b,c,d,1, James E. Gomeza,c,1, Benjamin B. Kaufmanna,b,c, Ella R. Hinsona,b,c, Lisa Cosimia,e, Mark L. Borowskyb, Andrew B. Onderdonkf, Sarah A. Stanleya,b,c, Devinder Kaurg, Kevin F. Bryantc, David M. Knipec, Alexander Sloutskyg, and Deborah T. Hunga,b,c,d,e,2
With rising rates of drug-resistant infections, there is a need for diagnostic methods that rapidly can detect the presence of pathogens and reveal their susceptibility to antibiotics. Here we propose an approach to diagnosing the presence and drug-susceptibility of infectious diseases based on direct detection of RNA from clinical samples. We demonstrate that species-specific RNA signatures can be used to identify a broad spectrum of infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, yeast, and parasites. Moreover, we show that the behavior of a small set of bacterial transcripts after a brief antibiotic pulse can rapidly differentiate drug-susceptible and -resistant organisms and that these measurements can be made directly from clinical materials. Thus, transcriptional signatures could form the basis of a uniform diagnostic platform applicable across a broad range of infectious agents.
