現(xiàn)代臨床醫(yī)學(xué)中,,傳統(tǒng)抗生素的大量使用和濫用導(dǎo)致各種耐藥菌株的出現(xiàn),,對人類健康造成威脅,。近日,,中科院昆明動物所的“臨床耐藥菌感染”研究獲得突破,,新型肽類抗生素有望打破“耐藥”瓶頸,,為攻克這一世界性醫(yī)學(xué)難題提供研究支持,。
感染是目前醫(yī)院住院病人死亡的主要原因之一,,據(jù)美國新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志統(tǒng)計,,僅在美國,,每年敗血癥的發(fā)病率為75萬人,,其中死亡22.5萬,。抗生素市場總額大約在300億美元左右,,半個世紀(jì)以來沒有開發(fā)出真正意義上的新類型抗生素,。
參與該項目的科研人員李文輝介紹,隨著傳統(tǒng)抗生素的大量使用和濫用,,在臨床上出現(xiàn)各種各樣的耐藥菌株,,如攜帶NDM-1質(zhì)粒的“超級細(xì)菌”、耐甲氧西林,、萬古霉素致病菌等,,目前臨床使用的抗生素對這些耐藥菌已無療效,成為目前特別是今后危害人類健康的重大威脅,。
在與致病菌變異競爭的過程中,,自然界各種來源的抗菌肽成為人們研發(fā)新型抗感染藥物的希望,但毒性和低下的體內(nèi)藥效成為限制大多數(shù)抗菌肽用于臨床藥物研發(fā)的瓶頸,。
中科院昆明動物研究所動物模型與人類疾病機理重點實驗室生物毒素與人類疾病課題組,,在前期大量抗菌肽研究工作和相關(guān)發(fā)明專利“爬行動物cathelicidin抗菌肽及衍生物及其應(yīng)用”基礎(chǔ)上,建立了臨床耐藥菌感染動物模型,,深入開展了眼鏡王蛇毒OH-CATH30抗菌肽及衍生物的體內(nèi)藥效學(xué)評價,。
李文輝介紹,,課題組分別建立了“小鼠大腿細(xì)菌感染模型”和“小鼠敗血癥細(xì)菌感染模型”,并注入目前臨床廣泛使用的抗生素藥物頭孢哌酮鈉和OH-CATH30抗菌肽及衍生物進行對比觀察,。研究結(jié)果表明,,在頭孢哌酮鈉無效的情況下,OH-CATH30及衍生物在安全劑量范圍內(nèi)(低于毒性劑量10倍以上),,對于全身性和致死性耐藥菌感染具有良好的治療和保護作用,,為攻克這一世界性醫(yī)學(xué)難題提供了研究支持。
李文輝說:“肽類抗生素與傳統(tǒng)抗生素的作用機制不一樣,,其產(chǎn)生耐藥菌的幾率要比傳統(tǒng)抗生素低得多,。此項試驗為開發(fā)抗耐藥菌的新型治療候選藥物提供了堅實的藥效學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。”
該研究獲得國家重大新藥創(chuàng)制專項,,國家973計劃項目以及國家基金委-云南省聯(lián)合基金項目的資助,,相關(guān)研究成果已在線發(fā)表于美國著名藥理學(xué)和藥學(xué)雜志《Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy》。
中國科學(xué)院昆明動物研究所成立于1959年4月,,主要研究領(lǐng)域和學(xué)科發(fā)展方向為圍繞進化生物學(xué),、資源動物學(xué)和保護生物學(xué)為優(yōu)勢學(xué)科方向,開展熱帶,、亞熱帶動物資源的保護,、可持續(xù)利用和生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)研究,在動物天然藥物的研發(fā),、生物技術(shù)在大農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用等方面有所突破,,其研究成果在國內(nèi)外著名學(xué)術(shù)刊物上發(fā)表學(xué)術(shù)論文多篇,有較高國際聲譽,。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
doi:10.1128/AAC.06304-11
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Efficacy of OH-CATH30 and its analogs against drug-resistant bacteria in vitro and in mouse models
Sheng-An Li, Wen-Hui Lee and Yun Zhang
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered as alternatives to conventional antibiotics for drug-resistant bacterial infections. However, their comparatively high toxicity toward eukaryotic cells and poor efficacy in vivo hamper their clinical application. OH-CATH30, a novel cathelicidin peptide deduced from the king cobra, possesses potent antibacterial activity in vitro. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of OH-CATH30 and its analogs against drug-resistant bacteria in vitro and in vivo. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of OH-CATH30 and OH-CM6 ranged from 1.56 to 12.5 μg/ml against drug-resistant clinical isolates of several pathogenic species, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The MICs of OH-CATH30 and OH-CM6 were slightly altered in the presence of 25% human serum. OH-CATH30 and OH-CM6 killed E. coli quickly (within 60 min) by disrupting the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Importantly, the 50% lethal dose (LD50) of OH-CATH30 and OH-CM6 in mice following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection was 120 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively, and no death was observed at any dose up to 160 mg/kg following subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. Moreover, 10 mg/kg OH-CATH30 or OH-CM6 significantly decreased the bacterial counts as well as the inflammatory response in a mouse thigh infection model and rescued infected mice in a bacteremia model induced by drug-resistant E. coli. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the natural cathelicidin peptide, OH-CATH30, and its analogs exhibit relatively low toxicity and potent efficacy in mouse models, indicating that they may have therapeutic potential against the systemic infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria.