近日,,來自洛杉磯錫達斯西奈研究所的研究人員通過檢查機體腸道中的真菌,發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類腸道微生物和炎性疾?。ㄈ鐫€性大腸炎)間的重要關系,。這項刊登在Science上的研究報告中,研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的真菌群體在疾病模型中可以明顯抑制大腸的功能,。
消化道是微生物群體的寄居地,,事實上我們腸道內有大約100萬億的細菌定居于腸道內,遠超于我們的機體細胞數(shù)量,。有些腸道微生物負責小護士無,,有些負責產(chǎn)生必要的維他命,有些抑制致病微生物的生長,。當然了腸道內有些微生物對于機體有害,,主要促成腸炎及肥胖等疾病。
現(xiàn)代DNA測序技術在過去十幾年已經(jīng)可以深入地研究這些微生物,,而且可以清楚辨別微生物所引起的疾病,。研究者David表示,很久之前研究者們就發(fā)現(xiàn)真菌也可以存在腸道中,但是我們這項研究是首次調查腸道中真菌的類型,、數(shù)量以及其對于疾病的功能影響。大約有140萬美國人患有炎性腸疾病或者IBD,,而且每年有3萬新增病例,;潰瘍性結腸炎可以在大腸上皮層促使驗證和潰瘍,而且潰瘍性結腸炎可以增加患者結腸直腸癌的風險,。
這項研究可以讓我們更清楚地理解真菌如何促使疾病,,以及可以讓我們了解我們機體內存在多少種真菌。為了研究針具促使的炎性疾病,,研究者們在動物疾病模型中發(fā)現(xiàn)了蛋白Dectin-1可以抵御天然真菌產(chǎn)生的炎癥,。這項研究為人類疾病的治療提供了許多建議,而且研究者也發(fā)現(xiàn)了和多種形式潰瘍性結腸炎相關的Dectin-1基因的突變體,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
編譯自:Role of Fungus in Digestive Disorders Explored
編譯者:天使托
doi:10.1126/science.1221789
PMC:
PMID:
Interactions Between Commensal Fungi and the C-Type Lectin Receptor Dectin-1 Influence Colitis
Iliyan D. Iliev1, Vincent A. Funari2,3, Kent D. Taylor2, Quoclinh Nguyen2, Christopher N. Reyes1, Samuel P. Strom2, Jordan Brown2, Courtney A. Becker1, Phillip R. Fleshner4, Marla Dubinsky1,5, Jerome I. Rotter2, Hanlin L. Wang6, Dermot P. B. McGovern1,2, Gordon D. Brown7, David M. Underhill1,6,8,*
The intestinal microflora, typically equated with bacteria, influences diseases such as obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we show that the mammalian gut contains a rich fungal community that interacts with the immune system through the innate immune receptor Dectin-1. Mice lacking Dectin-1 exhibited increased susceptibility to chemically induced colitis, which was the result of altered responses to indigenous fungi. In humans, we identified a polymorphism in the gene for Dectin-1 (CLEC7A) that is strongly linked to a severe form of ulcerative colitis. Together, our findings reveal a eukaryotic fungal community in the gut (the “mycobiome”) that coexists with bacteria and substantially expands the repertoire of organisms interacting with the intestinal immune system to influence health and disease.