新的研究揭示了A型流感病毒中的一個從前未知的基因,這種病毒最常感染禽類,,但也會在人類和其它哺乳動物中引起大流行,。盡管科學家們對這些病毒進行了十分細致的研究,但他們?nèi)匀粚Σ《九c其宿主間的分子相互作用了解得相對較少,。這些新的發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)該能夠幫助擴展對它的了解并可能提出一種有用的抗病毒療法的標靶,。
Brett Jagger及其同事如今發(fā)現(xiàn)了隱藏在該病毒相對較小的基因組中的一個新的基因。其蛋白質(zhì)是在核糖體閱讀信使RNA的核苷酸鏈的同時向前跳過時產(chǎn)生的,。核糖體是以三個核苷酸一組來閱讀的,,因此如果它向前跳過一個核苷酸的話,它會以不同的組合來閱讀核苷酸,。
Jagger及其同事在Science上報告說,,這樣一種在PA聚合酶基因內(nèi)的“核糖體框架移動”產(chǎn)生了一種他們稱之為PA-X的蛋白。這種蛋白會抑制RNA多聚酶II的表達,,而該酶負責將DNA轉(zhuǎn)錄成為信使RNA,。在感染了某種重組版本的1918年西班牙流感病毒的小鼠中,PA-X影響了細胞免疫反應(yīng)所需的宿主基因的表達,,表明該蛋白會影響動物中的致病過程,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1126/science.1222213
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An Overlapping Protein-Coding Region in Influenza A Virus Segment 3 Modulates the Host Response
B. W. Jagger1,2, H. M. Wise1,*, J. C. Kash2, K.-A. Walters3, N. M. Wills4, Y.-L. Xiao2, R. L. Dunfee2, L. M. Schwartzman2, A. Ozinsky3, G. L. Bell1,†, R. M. Dalton1,‡, A. Lo1, S. Efstathiou1, J. F. Atkins4,5, A. E. Firth1,§, J. K. Taubenberger2,§, P. Digard1,*,§
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection leads to variable and imperfectly understood pathogenicity. We report that segment 3 of the virus contains a second open reading frame (“X-ORF”), accessed via ribosomal frameshifting. The FS product, termed PA-X, comprises the endonuclease domain of the viral PA protein with a C-terminal domain encoded by the X-ORF and functions to repress cellular gene expression. PA-X also modulates IAV virulence in a mouse infection model, acting to decrease pathogenicity. Loss of PA-X expression leads to changes in the kinetics of the global host response, which notably includes increases in inflammatory, apoptotic, and T-lymphocyte signaling pathways. Thus, we have identified a previously unknown IAV protein that modulates the host response to infection, a finding with important implications for understanding IAV pathogenesis.