2012年8月14日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --近日,,來自弗萊堡大學的研究者收集了細菌甲酸鹽轉移蛋白(細菌重要代謝過程的蛋白質)精確數(shù)據(jù)信息,,通過對這些數(shù)據(jù)進行深入分析,結果將對于開發(fā)新型抗生素的活性成分帶來很大希望,。相關研究成果刊登在了國際著名雜志PNAS上,。
哺乳動物的腸道微生物菌群是由多種多樣的細菌及其它微生物組成,,人類的腸道也是許多微生物的棲身之地,在這里,,微生物可以或許其生存和繁殖必須的營養(yǎng)物質,。在營養(yǎng)物質以及碳水化合物豐富,但是缺乏氧氣的環(huán)境中,,許多細菌進化發(fā)展出了一種特殊的代謝形式:混合酸發(fā)酵過程,,這種代謝過程涉及糖分解,使得糖進入腸道成為像甲酸(醋酸或者乳酸)一樣的有機酸,,然后將其排泄掉,。這個過程為細菌提供了基本的能量,而且微環(huán)境也進行了土壤酸化的作用,,同時這個過程也獲益于腸道中的有益細菌和致病菌,,比如像沙門氏菌一樣的致病菌也從此獲益。在人類機體中是沒有混合酸發(fā)酵的,,細菌進行此項過程所涉及的分子組分為將來我們開發(fā)抵御致病菌感染的新型抗生素活性成分提供了基礎,。
甲酸鹽(Formate)是混合酸發(fā)酵過程中的中間蛋白質成分,腸道細菌具有甲酸鹽通道FocA,,其實一種特殊的運輸?shù)鞍踪|,,可以運輸甲酸鹽以及甲酸負離子通過細菌的細胞膜。為了研究FocA的更多功能,,研究者將這種蛋白質引入到人工生物膜中,,當其通過通道進行流動的時候,測定其離子的電流強度,。
為了更精確地得到FocA的運輸行為的精確數(shù)據(jù),,研究小組通過通道獲取設備收集到了其詳細的信息,當環(huán)境中的pH值過低的時候,,它會通過繼續(xù)外排酸來阻止細菌受到傷害,,研究小組同時也發(fā)現(xiàn)FocA可以轉運不同的陰離子,如乙酸離子,、乳酸離子和丙酮酸離子等,,這些都是混合酸發(fā)酵的產物。
FocA對于整個過程具有中樞的重要性,,研究結果將為未來治療人類腸道疾病的相關療法提供基礎和建議,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
編譯自:A channel of unexpected significance
doi:10.1073/pnas.1204201109
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PMID:
The formate channel FocA exports the products of mixed-acid fermentation
Wei Lü, Juan Du, Nikola J. Schwarzer, Elke Gerbig-Smentek, Oliver Einsle, and Susana L. A. Andrade1
Formate is a major metabolite in the anaerobic fermentation of glucose by many enterobacteria. It is translocated across cellular membranes by the pentameric ion channel/transporter FocA that, together with the nitrite channel NirC, forms the formate/nitrite transporter (FNT) family of membrane transport proteins. Here we have carried out an electrophysiological analysis of FocA from Salmonella typhimurium to characterize the channel properties and assess its specificity toward formate and other possible permeating ions. Single-channel currents for formate, hypophosphite and nitrite revealed two mechanistically distinct modes of gating that reflect different types of structural rearrangements in the transport channel of each FocA protomer. Moreover, FocA did not conduct cations or divalent anions, but the chloride anion was identified as further transported species, along with acetate, lactate and pyruvate. Formate, acetate and lactate are major end products of anaerobic mixed-acid fermentation, the pathway where FocA is predominantly required, so that this channel is ideally adapted to act as a multifunctional export protein to prevent their intracellular accumulation. Because of the high degree of conservation in the residues forming the transport channel among FNT family members, the flexibility in conducting multiple molecules is most likely a general feature of these proteins.