2012年11月26日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --近日,，刊登在國際雜志mBio上的一篇研究報(bào)告中,，來自荷蘭的研究者揭示了一種新型的冠狀病毒,，其和在蝙蝠中發(fā)現(xiàn)的病毒極其相似，研究者對(duì)于這種病毒HCoV-EMC/2012的基因組進(jìn)行了分析研究以解析其和其它病毒的親緣關(guān)系以及該病毒的來源,，這項(xiàng)研究有助于研究者開發(fā)出新型的診斷策略以及新型疫苗,。
文章中，研究者進(jìn)行了全基因組對(duì)比分析,，結(jié)果顯示,，HCoV-EMC/2012病毒僅僅存在99個(gè)單核苷酸的差異，這也就表明,，其和蝙蝠身上發(fā)現(xiàn)的病毒同屬一個(gè)種,，因?yàn)?9個(gè)核苷酸在全基因組中所占的比例僅為0.3%-0.4%,。
研究者使用最優(yōu)化的深度隨機(jī)擴(kuò)增測(cè)序法對(duì)病毒HCoV-EMC/2012的全基因組進(jìn)行測(cè)序，親緣度較高的病毒BtCoV-HKU4和BtCoV-HKU5分別來自亞洲的小竹蝙蝠和日本的蝙蝠,，而測(cè)序結(jié)果顯示病毒HCoV-EMC/2012與病毒BtCoV-HKU5具有77%的相似性,，這就足以證明病毒HCoV-EMC/2012是一種新型的病毒種。
研究者Fouchier說,，基于研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，病毒HCoV-EMC/2012和蝙蝠身上的病毒具有一定的相似性，這無疑對(duì)人類來說是一種新型的感染病毒,，這種新型病毒的來源或許是蝙蝠,。為了鑒別出這種新型病毒的來源以及其感染的一些病例，該病毒的全基因組測(cè)序可以幫助研究者更為清楚地研究這種病毒,。通過對(duì)病毒基因組進(jìn)行合成性拷貝分析,，研究者表示，他們可以在實(shí)驗(yàn)室重新構(gòu)建出這種病毒,，并且研究其感染特性,。
基因組測(cè)序技術(shù)對(duì)于間接保護(hù)公眾健康至關(guān)重要，一種詳細(xì)的基因組測(cè)序技術(shù)對(duì)于開發(fā)新型診斷方法以及新型抗病毒疫苗來說至關(guān)重要,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
編譯自：New coronavirus related to viruses from bats
doi:10.1128/mBio.00473-12
PMC:
PMID:
Genomic characterization of a newly discovered coronavirus associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans.
van Boheemen S, de Graaf M, Lauber C, Bestebroer TM, Raj VS, Zaki AM, Osterhaus AD, Haagmans BL, Gorbalenya AE, Snijder EJ, Fouchier RA.
A novel human coronavirus (HCoV-EMC/2012) was isolated from a man with acute pneumonia and renal failure in June 2012. This report describes the complete genome sequence, genome organization, and expression strategy of HCoV-EMC/2012 and its relation with known coronaviruses. The genome contains 30,119 nucleotides and contains at least 10 predicted open reading frames, 9 of which are predicted to be expressed from a nested set of seven subgenomic mRNAs. Phylogenetic analysis of the replicase gene of coronaviruses with completely sequenced genomes showed that HCoV-EMC/2012 is most closely related to Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4 (BtCoV-HKU4) and Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5 (BtCoV-HKU5), which prototype two species in lineage C of the genus Betacoronavirus. In accordance with the guidelines of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, and in view of the 75% and 77% amino acid sequence identity in 7 conserved replicase domains with BtCoV-HKU4 and BtCoV-HKU5, respectively, we propose that HCoV-EMC/2012 prototypes a novel species in the genus Betacoronavirus. HCoV-EMC/2012 may be most closely related to a coronavirus detected in Pipistrellus pipistrellus in The Netherlands, but because only a short sequence from the most conserved part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase-encoding region of the genome was reported for this bat virus, its genetic distance from HCoV-EMC remains uncertain. HCoV-EMC/2012 is the sixth coronavirus known to infect humans and the first human virus within betacoronavirus lineage C. IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses are capable of infecting humans and many animal species. Most infections caused by human coronaviruses are relatively mild. However, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV in 2002 to 2003 and the fatal infection of a human by HCoV-EMC/2012 in 2012 show that coronaviruses are able to cause severe, sometimes fatal disease in humans. We have determined the complete genome of HCoV-EMC/2012 using an unbiased virus discovery approach involving next-generation sequencing techniques, which enabled subsequent state-of-the-art bioinformatics, phylogenetics, and taxonomic analyses. By establishing its complete genome sequence, HCoV-EMC/2012 was characterized as a new genotype which is closely related to bat coronaviruses that are distant from SARS-CoV. We expect that this information will be vital to rapid advancement of both clinical and vital research on this emerging pathogen.
