據(jù)美國物理學家組織網(wǎng)近日報道,,最近,,加拿大英屬哥倫比亞大學與英屬哥倫比亞癌癥研究所、轉(zhuǎn)化與應用基因組學中心合作,,開發(fā)出一種硅酮材料的芯片實驗室技術(shù),,能讓每個細胞像彈球機里的球一樣各就各位,然后進行基因檢測,。這種“單細胞基因分析”技術(shù)使基因檢測更加靈敏迅速,,有助于腫瘤分析和臨床疾病的診斷。本周出版的美國《國家科學院院刊》對該芯片實驗室進行了詳細介紹,。
這種芯片實驗室大小跟一個9伏電池相當,,能同時分析300個細胞。研究人員設(shè)計了一種路線,,用液體載運細胞通過顯微管道和一個個小閥門,,當細胞挨個進入各自的小空位時,它們的RNA就會被提取出來,,經(jīng)過復制用于進一步分析,。
標準基因檢測要求使用大量細胞,,才能得出由上千萬個不同細胞平均化以后的“綜合圖像”,這會掩蓋細胞的真實屬性和它們之間的相互作用,。“這就好比用混合水果慕絲來研究草莓和樹莓為什么不一樣,。”領(lǐng)導該研究的高通量生物中心副教授卡爾·漢森介紹說,而單細胞分析正在成為基因研究中的黃金手段,,因為即使是從同一腫瘤組織中采集的樣本,,也包含了正常細胞和多種癌細胞類型,而單細胞分析顯出極微小的差異,。
此外,,這種芯片實驗室?guī)缀鯇⑺屑毎治鲞^程整合在了一起,不僅能分離細胞,,還能用化學試劑將細胞混合起來,,通過檢測反應過程中的熒光發(fā)射獲得它們的基因編碼。所有這些都能在芯片上完成,,不僅操作簡單,,而且成本效益高。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1073/pnas.1019446108
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PMID:
High-throughput microfluidic single-cell RT-qPCR
White, Adam K.; VanInsberghe, Michael; Petriv, Oleh I.; Hamidi, Mani; Sikorski, Darek; Marra, Marco A.; Piret, James; Aparicio, Samuel; Hansen, Carl L.
A long-sought milestone in microfluidics research has been the development of integrated technology for scalable analysisof transcription in single cells. Here we present a fully integrated microfluidic device capable of performing high-precisionRT-qPCR measurements of gene expression from hundreds of single cells per run. Our device executes all steps of single-cellprocessing, including cell capture, cell lysis, reverse transcription, and quantitative PCR. In addition to higher throughputand reduced cost, we show that nanoliter volume processing reduced measurement noise, increased sensitivity, and providedsingle nucleotide specificity. We apply this technology to 3,300 single-cell measurements of (i) miRNA expression in K562 cells, (ii) coregulation of a miRNA and one of its target transcripts during differentiation in embryonic stem cells, and (iii) single nucleotide variant detection in primary lobular breast cancer cells. The core functionality established here providesthe foundation from which a variety of on-chip single-cell transcription analyses will be developed.