耶魯大學的研究人員日前發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種能夠促進頭發(fā)再生的干細胞,,并在小鼠實驗中獲得了證實,。隨著該研究的進一步深入,,有望開發(fā)出治療脫發(fā)和禿頂?shù)娜炉煼?。相關研究發(fā)表在今天出版的《細胞》雜志上,。
在小鼠實驗中,,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)在皮膚脂肪層中存在一種干細胞,,而該細胞能發(fā)出一種分子信號刺激小鼠毛發(fā)的再生。研究人員稱,,即便是在禿頂男性的毛囊根部仍然存在著這類干細胞,,只是它們失去了啟動毛發(fā)再生的能力??茖W家已經(jīng)知道,,這種毛囊干細胞需要從皮膚內獲得生長頭發(fā)的信號,但這些信號的來源卻一直都不清楚,。
當頭發(fā)停止生長時,,頭皮中的脂肪層就會發(fā)生收縮。而當頭發(fā)生長過程重啟后,,脂肪層又會發(fā)生增長,,這個過程被稱為脂肪細胞分化。論文第一作者,、耶魯大學細胞和發(fā)育生物學助理教授瓦萊麗·霍斯利說:“如果能夠得到這些脂肪細胞,,然后與毛囊底部那些休眠的干細胞進行‘交流’,我們也許能夠讓頭發(fā)再次生長出來,。”
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,在脂肪層再度增長和頭發(fā)再生的過程中,一種能夠產生脂肪前體細胞的干細胞發(fā)揮了重要作用,。這種細胞會產生一種名為PDGF(血小板衍生生長因子)的分子,,這種分子能恢復小鼠毛發(fā)的生長。
霍斯利團隊正試圖確定在毛發(fā)生長中可能起作用的,、由脂肪前體干細胞產生的其他分子信號,,以完善該結論。此外,,他們還將進一步展開實驗,,以確定這種機制是否在人體中也同樣存在并發(fā)揮作用。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.019
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Adipocyte Lineage Cells Contribute to the Skin Stem Cell Niche to Drive Hair Cycling
Eric Festa1, Jackie Fretz2, Ryan Berry5, Barbara Schmidt5, Matthew Rodeheffer1, 3, 4, Mark Horowitz2 and Valerie Horsley
In mammalian skin, multiple types of resident cells are required to create a functional tissue and support tissue homeostasis and regeneration. The cells that compose the epithelial stem cell niche for skin homeostasis and regeneration are not well defined. Here, we identify adipose precursor cells within the skin and demonstrate that their dynamic regeneration parallels the activation of skin stem cells. Functional analysis of adipocyte lineage cells in mice with defects in adipogenesis and in transplantation experiments revealed that intradermal adipocyte lineage cells are necessary and sufficient to drive follicular stem cell activation. Furthermore, we implicate PDGF expression by immature adipocyte cells in the regulation of follicular stem cell activity. These data highlight adipogenic cells as skin niche cells that positively regulate skin stem cell activity, and suggest that adipocyte lineage cells may alter epithelial stem cell function clinically.