研究人員在眼睛后部的單層細(xì)胞---已知為視網(wǎng)膜色素上皮組織(retinal pigment epithelium),,它的下面含有光敏感性視網(wǎng)膜的光受體---里鑒定出中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的成體干細(xì)胞,。2012年1月6日,該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《細(xì)胞-干細(xì)胞》(Cell Stem Cell)期刊上,。
這項(xiàng)新研究表明視網(wǎng)膜色素上皮組織也擁有自我更新的干細(xì)胞,,當(dāng)處于合適條件下能被喚醒產(chǎn)生活躍增長(zhǎng)的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)物。它們也能夠被誘導(dǎo)形成其他細(xì)胞類型,。
位于美國(guó)紐約倫斯勒的神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞研究所Sally Temple領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組獲得視網(wǎng)膜色素上皮組織來(lái)源的干細(xì)胞,,而且是來(lái)自供者死亡幾個(gè)小時(shí)后的眼睛。但是這些干細(xì)胞也可從眼睛后部視網(wǎng)膜周圍的體液中分離出來(lái),,這意味著它們也可在活著的人們中獲取,。
Temple說(shuō),鑒于已知蠑螈(salamander)中視網(wǎng)膜色素上皮組織能夠再生整個(gè)視網(wǎng)膜,,他們就對(duì)人該組織的增殖潛能比較好奇,。但是在成年小鼠和雞中,這種可塑性似乎丟失了,。她說(shuō),“鑒于進(jìn)化學(xué)上的證據(jù),,我們認(rèn)為這值得再次嘗試,。”
他們將來(lái)自22歲到99歲的人尸體上的視網(wǎng)膜色素上皮組織放在很多培養(yǎng)條件下以便觀察他們能夠讓這些細(xì)胞做什么。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一組條件能讓它們發(fā)生細(xì)胞分裂,。并不是所有的視網(wǎng)膜色素上皮組織細(xì)胞擁有這種再生潛能,,但是或許有10%的細(xì)胞能夠做到這點(diǎn)。
進(jìn)一步的研究表明這些10%的細(xì)胞是多能性的,,這意味著它們能夠形成不同細(xì)胞類型,,不過(guò)研究人員承認(rèn)仍然需要開(kāi)展更多的研究以便充分探索這些細(xì)胞的分化能力。
這也有其他的影響,。比如,,這些細(xì)胞可能能夠解釋在眼睛其他組織類型中出現(xiàn)的疾病。它們的存在也提示著可能存在某種方法刺激上百萬(wàn)老年性視網(wǎng)膜黃斑退化疾病(age-related macular degeneration)病人的眼睛受控修復(fù),。(生物谷:towersimper編譯)
doi:10.1016/j.stem.2011.11.018
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Adult Human RPE Can Be Activated into a Multipotent Stem Cell that Produces Mesenchymal Derivatives
Enrique Salero, Timothy A. Blenkinsop, Barbara Corneo, Ashley Harris, David Rabin, Jeffrey H. Stern, Sally Temple
he retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a monolayer of cells underlying and supporting the neural retina. It begins as a plastic tissue, capable, in some species, of generating lens and retina, but differentiates early in development and remains normally nonproliferative throughout life. Here we show that a subpopulation of adult human RPE cells can be activated in vitro to a self-renewing cell, the retinal pigment epithelial stem cell (RPESC) that loses RPE markers, proliferates extensively, and can redifferentiate into stable cobblestone RPE monolayers. Clonal studies demonstrate that RPESCs are multipotent and in defined conditions can generate both neural and mesenchymal progeny. This plasticity may explain human pathologies in which mesenchymal fates are seen in the eye, for example in proliferative vitroretinopathy (PVR) and phthisis bulbi. This study establishes the RPESC as an accessible, human CNS-derived multipotent stem cell, useful for the study of fate choice, replacement therapy, and disease modeling.