近日，日本東北大學(xué)研究人員最新報(bào)告說,，他們在動物實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)明了利用誘導(dǎo)多能干細(xì)胞制成釉細(xì)胞的技術(shù),，成釉細(xì)胞可以發(fā)育出牙齒最堅(jiān)硬部分——牙釉質(zhì)。這一成果已發(fā)表在《生物化學(xué)雜志》（Journal of Biological Chemistry）網(wǎng)絡(luò)版上,。
日本東北大學(xué)教授福本敏等人報(bào)告說,，他們利用來自實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠胚胎的牙源性上皮細(xì)胞和京都大學(xué)教授山中伸彌培育的誘導(dǎo)多能干細(xì)胞進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)約95%的誘導(dǎo)多能干細(xì)胞分化成了成釉細(xì)胞,。經(jīng)過確認(rèn),，這些細(xì)胞中含有作為牙釉質(zhì)成分的成釉蛋白。
牙釉質(zhì)又名琺瑯質(zhì),，是牙冠表層的白色,、堅(jiān)硬、透明組織,，保護(hù)著牙齒內(nèi)部的牙本質(zhì)和牙髓組織,。“制造”牙釉質(zhì)的成釉細(xì)胞在一定年齡后就無法生成，所以牙釉質(zhì)遭破壞后無法再生,，碳酸飲料對牙釉質(zhì)的腐蝕性較強(qiáng),，及時(shí)以正確方式刷牙漱口對保護(hù)牙釉質(zhì)至關(guān)重要。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.285874 jbc.M111.285874
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Role of epithelial-stem cell interactions during dental cell differentiation
Makiko Arakaki, Masaki Ishikawa, Takashi Nakamura, Tsutomu Iwamoto, Aya Yamada, Emiko Fukumoto, Masahiro Saito, Keishi Otsu, Hidemitsu Harada4, Yoshihiko Yamada and Satoshi Fukumoto
Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions regulate the growth and morphogenesis of ectodermal organs such as teeth. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a part of dental mesenchyme, derived from the cranial neural crest, and differentiate into dentin forming odontoblasts. However, the interactions between DPSCs and epithelium have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we established a mouse dental pulp stem cell line (SP) comprised of enriched side population cells that displayed a multipotent capacity to differentiate into odontogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic, and neurogenic cells. We also analyzed the interactions between SP cells and cells from the rat dental epithelial SF2 line. When cultured with SF2 cells, SP cells differentiated into odontoblasts that expressed dentin sialophosphoprotein. This differentiation was regulated by BMP2 and BMP4, and inhibited by the BMP antagonist Noggin. We also found that mouse iPS cells cultured with mitomycin C-treated SF2-24 cells displayed an epithelial cell-like morphology. Those cells expressed the epithelial cell markers p63 and cytokeratin-14, and the ameloblast markers ameloblastin and enamelin, whereas they did not express the endodermal cell marker Gata6 or mesodermal cell marker brachyury. This is the first report of differentiation of iPS cells into ameloblasts via interactions with dental epithelium. Co-culturing with dental epithelial cells appears to induce stem cell differentiation that favors an odontogenic cell fate, which may be a useful approach for tooth bioengineering strategies.
