關(guān)鍵詞: Nanog Oct4 Sox2 胚胎干細(xì)胞 神經(jīng)外胚層 中胚層 內(nèi)胚層 自我更新
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胚胎干細(xì)胞在懷孕之后很快就產(chǎn)生,,并且能夠變成體內(nèi)任何一種細(xì)胞類型,。除了自我更新產(chǎn)生新的干細(xì)胞之外,細(xì)胞隨著發(fā)育不斷進(jìn)行而變成越來(lái)越特化,??茖W(xué)家想理解自我更新和分化過(guò)程以便治療很多疾病,如帕金森疾病,,脊髓損傷,,心臟病和阿爾茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease)。
科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)鑒定出在發(fā)育早期有活性的三個(gè)基因Nanog,、Oct 4和 Sox2是維持胚胎干細(xì)胞自我更新能力并阻止它們提前分化為“錯(cuò)誤”類型細(xì)胞的能力而所必需的,。因?yàn)榕咛ジ杉?xì)胞的使用受到限制,對(duì)這些基因的很多研究一直是在小鼠中開(kāi)展的,。
這項(xiàng)新研究表明人胚胎干細(xì)胞在人類中發(fā)揮作用的方式與小鼠胚胎干細(xì)胞存在顯著的差別,。比如,在人類中,,Nanog和Oct4一起來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)外胚層細(xì)胞(neuro-ectoderm cell)---產(chǎn)生神經(jīng)元和其他中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞系---的分化,。相反地,Sox2抑制中胚層細(xì)胞---產(chǎn)生肌肉和很多其他組織類型的細(xì)胞系---的分化,。Oct4與其他基因一起發(fā)揮協(xié)同作用,,在調(diào)節(jié)全部4種早期細(xì)胞系中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵性作用,其中這4種細(xì)胞系是外胚層細(xì)胞,、中胚層細(xì)胞和內(nèi)胚層細(xì)胞---產(chǎn)生胃腸道,、肝臟和胰腺等的細(xì)胞系---和自我更新產(chǎn)生的新干細(xì)胞。干細(xì)胞的自我更新也參與幾種癌癥類型的形成,。
美國(guó)耶魯大學(xué)干細(xì)胞研究中心遺傳學(xué)助理教授和論文通訊作者Natalia Ivanova強(qiáng)調(diào)很多其他基因必須參與這些早期發(fā)育變化的調(diào)節(jié),而且她的實(shí)驗(yàn)室目前正在研究這個(gè)問(wèn)題,。
相關(guān)研究結(jié)果于2012年4月6日發(fā)表在Cell Stem Cell期刊上,。(生物谷:towersimper編譯)
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doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.02.016
PMC:
PMID:
Distinct Lineage Specification Roles for NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2 in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Zheng Wang, Efrat Oron, Brynna Nelson, Spiro Razis, Natalia Ivanova
Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2 are the core regulators of mouse (m)ESC pluripotency. Although their basic importance in human (h)ESCs has been demonstrated, the mechanistic functions are not well defined. Here, we identify general and cell-line-specific requirements for NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2 in hESCs. We show that OCT4 regulates, and interacts with, the BMP4 pathway to specify four developmental fates. High levels of OCT4 enable self-renewal in the absence of BMP4 but specify mesendoderm in the presence of BMP4. Low levels of OCT4 induce embryonic ectoderm differentiation in the absence of BMP4 but specify extraembryonic lineages in the presence of BMP4. NANOG represses embryonic ectoderm differentiation but has little effect on other lineages, whereas SOX2 and SOX3 are redundant and repress mesendoderm differentiation. Thus, instead of being panrepressors of differentiation, each factor controls specific cell fates. Our study revises the view of how self-renewal is orchestrated in hESCs.