皮膚是動(dòng)物抵御外界環(huán)境不利因素傷害的屏障,，具有防止脫水,、抵御感染、感覺,、維持體溫等一系列對(duì)動(dòng)物生存至關(guān)重要的功能,。毛囊干細(xì)胞是治療皮膚損傷和皮膚病的重要干細(xì)胞來源。但是在臨床應(yīng)用之前,，必須解決一個(gè)瓶頸問題——從盡可能少的皮膚組織中獲得足量的毛囊干細(xì)胞,，這對(duì)于大面積燒傷或燙傷病人來說尤其重要,。
傳統(tǒng)的毛囊干細(xì)胞分離方法是用流式細(xì)胞儀分選,，但該方法有明顯的缺陷，需要大量皮膚材料,，并且得到的干細(xì)胞不易成活,，克隆形成效率極低。因此,，建立一種簡(jiǎn)單,、高效的毛囊干細(xì)胞獲取方法，成為亟待解決的難題,。
4月24日,，移植領(lǐng)域排名第一的雜志Cell Transplantation在線發(fā)表了中科院動(dòng)物研究所段恩奎實(shí)驗(yàn)室在該領(lǐng)域的最新結(jié)果。該實(shí)驗(yàn)室成功建立了一種新的毛囊干細(xì)胞分離和純化方法——器官培養(yǎng)法,。此方法簡(jiǎn)單,、易操作，只用一根大鼠觸須毛囊就能獲得大量可以長(zhǎng)期傳代培養(yǎng)的毛囊干細(xì)胞,。該干細(xì)胞易于純化,，自我更新能力強(qiáng)，克隆形成效率高,，表達(dá)毛囊干細(xì)胞的標(biāo)志分子K14,、α6-整合素、P63和K15,。轉(zhuǎn)染綠色熒光蛋白基因的這種毛囊干細(xì)胞與真皮成纖維細(xì)胞一起移植到裸鼠背部后,，可觀察到形成了新的表皮、毛囊和皮脂腺,。
研究人員表示,，該工作仍有待深入，即加強(qiáng)皮膚和毛囊重建方面的研究,，在形成毛囊的基礎(chǔ)上,，進(jìn)一步研究,，使再生毛干達(dá)到正常毛干的水平。
該研究為毛囊干細(xì)胞走向臨床提供了理論依據(jù)和主要技術(shù)支持,，可望發(fā)展成為大面積皮膚損傷（如燒傷和燙傷等）和皮膚病治療中重建皮膚和毛囊的重要方法,。目前已申請(qǐng)相關(guān)專利兩項(xiàng)。
該工作得到中國(guó)科學(xué)院戰(zhàn)略性先導(dǎo)科技專項(xiàng)以及國(guó)家“發(fā)育與生殖研究”重大科學(xué)研究計(jì)劃等基金的支持.(生物谷：Bioon.com)
doi:10.3727/096368912X640538
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Hair Follicle Stem Cells Derived from Single Rat Vibrissa via Organ Culture Reconstitute Hair Follicles in vivo
Shoubing Zhang, Huimin Hu, Huishan Zhang, Shuang Liu, Shu Liu, Ying Zhang, Xiaohua Lei, Lina Ning, Yujing Cao, and Enkui Duan
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are potentially useful for the treatment of skin injuries and diseases. To achieve clinical application, a prerequisite must be accomplished: harvesting enough HFSCs from limited skin biopsy. The commonly-used sorting approach for isolating HFSCs, however, suffers from its intrinsic disadvantages such as requirement of large-scale skin biopsy. Here, we report an efficient organ culture method to isolate and expand rat HFSCs from limited skin biopsy and these HFSCs could reconstitute the epidermis and the hair follicles (HFs). 73% of cultured HFs formed hair follicle stem cell colonies from the bulge, and a single hair follicle provided all the HFSCs used in this research, demonstrating the high efficiency of this method. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining results revealed that these stem cells obtained from the bulge highly expressed basal layer markers K14 and alpha-6 integrin, epithelial stem cell marker P63 and bulge stem cell marker K15. After long-term culture in vitro, GFPlabeled hair follicle stem cells formed new hair follicles, epidermis, and sebaceous glands following xenotransplantation into the back of nude mice. This study indicated that multipotent hair follicle stem cells could be efficiently harvested through organ culture from limited skin material—even a single hair follicle—and reconstitute hair follicles in vivo after long-term expansion culture, providing the basis for future clinical applications.
