2012年7月20日,,北京生命科學(xué)研究所王曉晨實(shí)驗(yàn)室在《Science》雜志發(fā)表題為“LAAT-1 Is the Lysosomal Lysine/Arginine Transporter That Maintains Amino Acid Homeostasis”的文章,。
溶酶體是由膜包被的、在細(xì)胞內(nèi)負(fù)責(zé)降解來(lái)源于內(nèi)吞(endocytosis),、自噬( autophagy ),、異噬( phagocytosis )的廢物的細(xì)胞器。溶酶體主要由其表面高度糖基化的膜蛋白和內(nèi)部降解廢物的水解酶,、核酸酶,、去糖鏈的酶等組成。溶酶體相當(dāng)于細(xì)胞的垃圾回收站,,是新陳代謝的最重要的一環(huán),。其功能缺陷會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多疾病,包括胱氨酸貯疾癥,、mucolipidosis 等統(tǒng)稱為溶酶體貯積癥,。
通過(guò)遺傳篩選,,我們找到了一個(gè)溶酶體膜蛋白LAAT-1的突變體。該突變體不但在細(xì)胞內(nèi)累計(jì)了大量的異常變大,,功能失常的溶酶體,,而且胚胎發(fā)育也變得非常緩慢。通過(guò)體內(nèi)和體外的實(shí)驗(yàn),,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)LAAT-1是溶酶體膜上的賴氨酸和精氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白,,并且經(jīng)LAAT-1從溶酶體轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到細(xì)胞質(zhì)中的這兩種氨基酸對(duì)于維持正常的蛋白合成和細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育是非常重要的。同時(shí)由于溶酶體的賴氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)活性對(duì)于小分子藥物cysteamine治療胱氨酸貯疾癥是必需的,,LAAT-1和其人同源蛋白PQLC2的發(fā)現(xiàn)也很好的在分子水平上驗(yàn)證了cysteamine的作用機(jī)理,。
我所與協(xié)和醫(yī)科大學(xué)聯(lián)合培養(yǎng)博士生劉斌和我所與中科院遺傳發(fā)育所聯(lián)合培養(yǎng)博士生杜紅偉為本文共同第一作者。王曉晨博士為本文的通訊作者,。此項(xiàng)研究由科技部和北京市政府資助,在北京生命科學(xué)研究所完成,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1126/science.1220281
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LAAT-1 Is the Lysosomal Lysine/Arginine Transporter That Maintains Amino Acid Homeostasis
Bin Liu1,4,*, Hongwei Du2,3,4,*, Rachael Rutkowski5,†, Anton Gartner5, Xiaochen Wang4,‡
Defective catabolite export from lysosomes results in lysosomal storage diseases in humans. Mutations in the cystine transporter gene CTNS cause cystinosis, but other lysosomal amino acid transporters are poorly characterized at the molecular level. Here, we identified the Caenorhabditis elegans lysosomal lysine/arginine transporter LAAT-1. Loss of laat-1 caused accumulation of lysine and arginine in enlarged, degradation-defective lysosomes. In mutants of ctns-1 (C. elegans homolog of CTNS), LAAT-1 was required to reduce lysosomal cystine levels and suppress lysosome enlargement by cysteamine, a drug that alleviates cystinosis by converting cystine to a lysine analog. LAAT-1 also maintained availability of cytosolic lysine/arginine during embryogenesis. Thus, LAAT-1 is the lysosomal lysine/arginine transporter, which suggests a molecular explanation for how cysteamine alleviates a lysosomal storage disease.