2012年9月28日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --來自新西蘭奧克蘭大學大腦研究中心的研究人員成功地將人皮膚細胞直接地轉化為不成熟的腦細胞或者說神經(jīng)前體細胞(neural precursor cell),。他們開發(fā)出一種快速和有效的方法來完成這種轉化,,同時也不用經(jīng)歷轉化為類似胚胎干細胞的誘導性多能干細胞中間階段,。
Bronwen Connor說,“對全世界的干細胞研究而言,,這是一次具有重大意義的進步。它有潛力導致人們對諸如亨丁頓舞蹈癥,、帕金森病和阿爾茨海默病之類的神經(jīng)退化疾病產(chǎn)生新的認識,。”
這項研究的一個主要優(yōu)勢在于,它能夠讓探究人員從患有基因相關性神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的病人體內(nèi)采集皮膚細胞,,然后利用這些細胞構建出受這些疾病影響的腦細胞,。這將有助于人們深入理解導致這些疾病的機制。它將允許人們在大腦組織上測試潛在的治療方法,。它也將允許人們在未來有可能替代受損的腦細胞,。
盡管全世界的許多研究小組也正在研究將皮膚細胞轉化為腦細胞的新方法,但是在當前這項研究中,,奧克蘭大學大腦研究中心研究人員開發(fā)出的這種方法是比較獨特的,。首先,他們是僅有的一個研究小組利用將成年人皮膚細胞直接轉化為腦細胞,,而其他的研究小組正在利用這種技術研究動物皮膚細胞,。其次,奧克蘭大學研究小組正在使用僅僅兩個基因SOX2和PAX6就能夠?qū)⑵つw細胞重編程為神經(jīng)前體細胞,,而其他國際研究小組正在使用5到11個基因,。
這些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個影響就是加快重編程過程。將皮膚細胞先轉化為誘導性多能干細胞再轉化為神經(jīng)前體細胞需要4個月的時間,。如果皮膚細胞能夠被直接轉化為神經(jīng)前體細胞,,那么根據(jù)所使用的技術類型,,它只需一個半月或20天的時間。研究人員開發(fā)出的這種系統(tǒng)也是非常有效的,,從而導致一種細胞類型高效地轉化為另一種類型,。而這種直接轉化也能夠克服使用胚胎干細胞或誘導性多能干細胞時能夠?qū)е履[瘤形成的問題。
相關研究結果于近期刊登在Journal of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine期刊上,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi: e008030300001
PMC:
PMID:
Non-Viral Generation of Neural Precursor-like Cells from Adult Human Fibroblasts
Maucksch C1, Firmin E1, Butler-Munro C2, Montgomery JM2, Dottori M3, Connor B1
Recent studies have reported direct reprogramming of human fibroblasts to mature neurons by the introduction of defined neural genes. This technology has potential use in the areas of neurological disease modeling and drug development. However, use of induced neurons for large-scale drug screening and cell-based replacement strategies is limited due to their inability to expand once reprogrammed. We propose it would be more desirable to induce expandable neural precursor cells directly from human fibroblasts. To date several pluripotent and neural transcription factors have been shown to be capable of converting mouse fibroblasts to neural stem/precursor-like cells when delivered by viral vectors. Here we extend these findings and demonstrate that transient ectopic insertion of the transcription factors SOX2 and PAX6 to adult human fibroblasts through use of non-viral plasmid transfection or protein transduction allows the generation of induced neural precursor (iNP) colonies expressing a range of neural stem and pro-neural genes. Upon differentiation, iNP cells give rise to neurons exhibiting typical neuronal morphologies and expressing multiple neuronal markers including tyrosine hydroxylase and GAD65/67. Importantly, iNP-derived neurons demonstrate electrophysiological properties of functionally mature neurons with the capacity to generate action potentials. In addition, iNP cells are capable of differentiating into glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing astrocytes. This study represents a novel virus-free approach for direct reprogramming of human fibroblasts to a neural precursor fate.