2012年9月28日 電 /生物谷BIOON/ --近日,,西班牙國(guó)家癌癥研究中心(CNIO)主任María Blasco等研究人員完成的一項(xiàng)開拓性研究闡明了哺乳動(dòng)物的壽命與端粒在分子水平上長(zhǎng)度的關(guān)系,。新研究成果發(fā)表在Cell Reports雜志上,該研究工作為進(jìn)一步研究這些細(xì)胞成分以計(jì)算細(xì)胞老化的速度,,從而能夠確定特定生物體的壽命開啟了大門,。
染色體--生物體遺傳信息的細(xì)胞容器,,在其末端DNA的重復(fù)序列稱為端粒。端粒的作用是保持染色體的完整性,,細(xì)胞分裂一次,,由于DNA復(fù)制時(shí)的方向必須從5'方向到3'方向,DNA每次復(fù)制端粒就縮短一點(diǎn),。一旦端粒消耗殆盡,,染色體則易于突變而導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈硬化和某些癌癥。因此,,端粒和細(xì)胞老化有明顯的關(guān)系,。一直以來認(rèn)為端粒的長(zhǎng)度和患心血管疾病或癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有關(guān)。
然而,,到現(xiàn)在為止,,在哺乳動(dòng)物中使用端粒測(cè)量來預(yù)測(cè)實(shí)際壽命并沒有真正開展過。Blasco說:端粒短的人似乎發(fā)展患疾病包括癌癥的概率顯著增加,,但這些信息并不適用到每個(gè)具體的人,。為了確定一個(gè)真正的老化預(yù)測(cè)方法,研究人員已對(duì)小鼠體內(nèi)的端粒長(zhǎng)度進(jìn)行了相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的研究,。
通過定期采取來自同一個(gè)體的血液樣本,,從中提取細(xì)胞進(jìn)行研究后,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些活的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)小鼠并不是那么端粒較長(zhǎng)的小鼠,,同時(shí)隨著時(shí)間的推移,,這些小鼠端粒縮短也較小,。Blasco說:正常小鼠的端粒長(zhǎng)度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于人類的,,令人驚訝的是小鼠體內(nèi)端粒縮短的速度比人類快100倍,。
通過縱向研究這些遺傳信息“監(jiān)護(hù)人”,,本研究進(jìn)一步分析了生活方式如飲食、吸煙以及運(yùn)動(dòng)等因素對(duì)老化速度的真實(shí)影響,。因此,,這些研究對(duì)預(yù)防疾病或開發(fā)新的藥物來治療疾病具有重要意義。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2012.08.023
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The Rate of Increase of Short Telomeres Predicts Longevity in Mammals
Elsa Vera, Bruno Bernardes de Jesus, Miguel Foronda, Juana M. Flores, Maria A. Blasco
Aberrantly short telomeres result in decreased longevity in both humans and mice with defective telomere maintenance. Normal populations of humans and mice present high interindividual variation in telomere length, but it is unknown whether this is associated with their lifespan potential. To address this issue, we performed a longitudinal telomere length study along the lifespan of wild-type and transgenic telomerase reverse transcriptase mice. We found that mouse telomeres shorten 100 times faster than human telomeres. Importantly, the rate of increase in the percentage of short telomeres, rather than the rate of telomere shortening per month, was a significant predictor of lifespan in both mouse cohorts, and those individuals who showed a higher rate of increase in the percentage of short telomeres were also the ones with a shorter lifespan. These findings demonstrate that short telomeres have a direct impact on longevity in mammals, and they highlight the importance of performing longitudinal telomere studies to predict longevity.