位于波士頓的哈佛大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的Jiali Han博士與其同事們研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，在高加索婦女當(dāng)中，如果婦女?dāng)y帶的一種所謂的“紅發(fā)基因”并有著和頭發(fā)的顏色相反的適度或者橄欖色的皮膚,，就會有著患有皮膚癌很高的風(fēng)險,。
??一項研究表明，皮膚色素基因?qū)θ嘶加衅つw癌的影響超過了對人頭發(fā)和皮膚顏色的影響,。Han和他的同事們研究了各種melanocortin1受體（MC1R）基因,，其影響著皮膚中的色素沉積，并決定皮膚的膚色,。這個M1CR基因在膚色淺的人群中高度不同,。
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??研究人員觀察了紅發(fā)，膚色白色,，褐色相反的膚色這三種和紅發(fā)基因（RHC）相關(guān)的基因，以及四種和紅發(fā)基因有很少聯(lián)系的基因（NRHC）,。他們研究了包括219名黑色素瘤病人,，286名鱗狀上皮細胞皮膚癌女性患者，300名基室細胞癌和873名沒有皮膚癌的對照,。
??在研究人員考慮了膚色和其他皮膚癌的因素后,，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)各種RHC基因形式增加了患皮膚癌的風(fēng)險，特別是在151位半胱氨酸變異的基因形式,。
??那些在151位半胱氨酸變異的女性增加了5％的黑色素瘤風(fēng)險,，其為最致命的皮膚癌。相對的,，鱗狀上皮細胞皮膚癌和基室細胞癌的患病風(fēng)險相對增加了67％和56％,。
??研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)在有一個RHC基因，一個NRHC基因和適度的橄欖色膚色的婦女中,，患黑色素瘤的風(fēng)險是最大的,。
??有著151位半胱氨酸變異的紅發(fā)基因的婦女增加了患黑色素瘤的風(fēng)險，但是這種基因變異不會影響那些沒有紅發(fā)的婦女的,。
英文原文：
Red Hair Genes up Skin Cancer Risk
Genes involved in skin pigmentation have an effect on a person's skin cancer risk beyond their influence on a person's hair or skin colour, a new study shows.
Women who carried one so-called "red hair colour" gene but had medium or olive skin, as opposed to fair skin, actually had the highest skin cancer risk among a group of Caucasian women, Doctor Jiali Han of Harvard Medical School in Boston and colleagues found.
Han and colleagues studied variants of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene, which influences how the pigment melanin is processed in the skin and helps determine skin colour. The MC1R gene is highly variable among light-skinned populations.
The researchers looked at three variations of the gene strongly linked to red hair, fair skin, and resistance to tanning, which are known as red hair colour (RHC) variants, as well as four variants less strongly linked to red hair, termed non-red hair colour (NRHC) variants, in a subgroup of women participating in the Nurse's Health Study.
Their analysis included 219 melanoma patients, 286 women with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 300 with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and 873 skin-cancer-free controls.
After the researchers controlled for the effects of skin colour and other skin cancer risk factors, they found that the RHC variants still increased risk, especially a variant dubbed 151Cys.
Women with the 151Cys variant had a 65 per cent increased risk of melanoma, the most deadly type of skin cancer, while their risk of SCC and BCC were 67 per cent and 56 per cent greater, respectively.
Melanoma risk was greatest, the researchers found, among women with one RHC gene, one NRHC gene, and medium to olive skin.
Women with red hair who carried the 151Cys variant were at an increased risk of melanoma, but the gene variant did not confer greater risk for women without red hair.
