一些細(xì)菌能夠四處“游動(dòng)”,,變形成新的形態(tài),有時(shí)甚至變?yōu)閯《拘缘?,而所有這一切并不需要DNA的參與,。美國科學(xué)家近日闡釋了細(xì)菌如何完成這些令人吃驚的行為,為理解地球最初生命的形態(tài)提供了幫助,。相關(guān)論文發(fā)表在7月18日的《科學(xué)》(Science)雜志上,。
現(xiàn)今,蛋白質(zhì)幾乎執(zhí)行了所有生命的細(xì)胞功能,。但是許多科學(xué)家相信情況并非全都如此,,并且已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了RNA在細(xì)胞活性調(diào)節(jié)中發(fā)揮重要作用的許多例子。那么,,RNA是如何調(diào)節(jié)基因的呢,?
在最新的研究中,美國耶魯大學(xué)的Ronald Breaker和同事發(fā)現(xiàn),,僅有兩個(gè)核苷組成的名為cyclic di-GMP的RNA分子能夠激活一個(gè)更大的RNA結(jié)構(gòu)——核糖開關(guān)(riboswitch),。核糖開關(guān)能夠調(diào)控大量的生物活性,它們位于信使RNA的單鏈上并傳輸DNA的遺傳指令,,能夠獨(dú)立決定該激活細(xì)胞里的哪些基因,,而這曾被認(rèn)為是蛋白質(zhì)獨(dú)有的能力,。
Breaker實(shí)驗(yàn)室已經(jīng)用化學(xué)方法制造出了核糖開關(guān)。而自2002年以來,,已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了大約20種天然的核糖開關(guān),,其中大部分都藏在DNA的非基因編碼區(qū)。Breaker說:“我們曾預(yù)測存在著一座古老的‘RNA之城’,,最終我們成功地發(fā)現(xiàn)了它,。”
此次研究有助解釋與生命起源有關(guān)的問題。研究人員相信,,數(shù)十億年前,,包含RNA的單鏈核苷是生命的最初形式,執(zhí)行了目前由蛋白質(zhì)完成的一些復(fù)雜的細(xì)胞功能,,他們將其稱作“RNA世界”(RNA World),。Breaker認(rèn)為,核糖開關(guān)在細(xì)菌中高度保存,,表明了它們的重要性和古老血統(tǒng),。
Breaker表示,理解RNA的工作機(jī)制還能導(dǎo)致新的醫(yī)療手段,。比如,,模擬cyclic di-GMP的分子能夠用于解除霍亂等細(xì)菌感染。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Science,,Vol. 321. no. 5887, pp. 411 – 413,N. Sudarsan,,R. R. Breaker
Riboswitches in Eubacteria Sense the Second Messenger Cyclic Di-GMP
N. Sudarsan,1 E. R. Lee,2 Z. Weinberg,2 R. H. Moy,3 J. N. Kim,2 K. H. Link,1 R. R. Breaker1,2,3*
Cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (di-GMP) is a circular RNA dinucleotide that functions as a second messenger in diverse species of bacteria to trigger wide-ranging physiological changes, including cell differentiation, conversion between motile and biofilm lifestyles, and virulence gene expression. However, the mechanisms by which cyclic di-GMP regulates gene expression have remained a mystery. We found that cyclic di-GMP in many bacterial species is sensed by a riboswitch class in messenger RNA that controls the expression of genes involved in numerous fundamental cellular processes. A variety of cyclic di-GMP regulons are revealed, including some riboswitches associated with virulence gene expression, pilus formation, and flagellum biosynthesis. In addition, sequences matching the consensus for cyclic di-GMP riboswitches are present in the genome of a bacteriophage.
1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
2 Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
3 Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.