(封面圖片:酵母基因IMD2負責編譯三磷酸鳥苷(GTP)生物合成過程中的限速酶,,并且受到反饋調節(jié)。當GTP濃度高時,,IMD2 mRNA產(chǎn)量較低(圖中左側柱體所示),;相反的,當GTP濃度較低時,,IMD2 mRNA產(chǎn)量則較高(圖中右側柱體所示),。圖片提供:Elaine W. Brow)
酵母基因IMD2負責編譯三磷酸鳥苷(GTP)生物合成過程中的限速酶,并且受到反饋調節(jié),。GTP是DNA和RNA合成所必需的分子,,當GTP水平較高時,IMD2 mRNA產(chǎn)量較低,,而相反的,,當GTP的濃度較低時,IMD2 mRNA產(chǎn)量則較高,。在2008年7月25日出版的《分子細胞》(Molecular Cell)上,,來自美國威斯康星大學麥迪遜分校醫(yī)學和公共健康學院的Kuehner以及Brow發(fā)表了他們的最新研究結果,文章稱,,他們找到了GTP通過RNA聚合酶II從而直接改變IMD2促進子起始位點選擇的證據(jù),。
鳥嘌呤核苷酸負性調節(jié)酵母黃嘌呤核苷磷酸脫氫酶(inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase IMPDH)的mRNA合成,但是這一過程的內部機制并不明了,。IMPDH催化GTP生物合成過程的第一步,,它是GTP從頭合成的關鍵酶,而其表達的反饋控制維持著嘌呤核苷酸的穩(wěn)定平衡,。在研究中科學家發(fā)現(xiàn),,RNA聚合酶II(Pol II)能對于GTP的濃度做出反應。當體內GTP充足時,,RNA聚合酶II會啟動TATA框近基“G”位點(TATA box-proximal “G” site)處的IMPDH基因(IMD2)的轉錄,,從而產(chǎn)生削弱的轉錄產(chǎn)物。而當GTP含量不足時,,RNA聚合酶II啟動處位于下游“A”位點,,從而包圍調控終止因子以產(chǎn)生IMPDH mRNA。
在上游位點,,依賴于GTP濃度的啟動過程的一個主要決定因素即是鳥嘌呤是否出現(xiàn)在轉錄的第一,、第二個位置。Rpb1以及TF IIB的變異會通過改變起始位點選擇來中斷IMD2的調節(jié),。較高濃度的GTP產(chǎn)生不穩(wěn)定的弱化轉錄產(chǎn)物,,而低濃度GTP產(chǎn)生穩(wěn)定的mRNA,因此,,RNA聚合酶II的啟動能通過起始核苷酸濃度進行改變,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Molecular Cell,,Vol 31, 201-211, 25 July 2008,Jason N. Kuehner and David A. Brow
Regulation of a Eukaryotic Gene by GTP-Dependent Start Site Selection and Transcription Attenuation
Jason N. Kuehner1,2 and David A. Brow1,2,
1 Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
2 Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Summary
Guanine nucleotide negatively regulates yeast inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) mRNA synthesis by an unknown mechanism. IMPDH catalyzes the first dedicated step of GTP biosynthesis, and feedback control of its expression maintains the proper balance of purine nucleotides. Here we show that RNA polymerase II (Pol II) responds to GTP concentration. When GTP is sufficient, Pol II initiates transcription of the IMPDH gene (IMD2) at TATA box-proximal “G” sites, producing attenuated transcripts. When GTP is deficient, Pol II initiates at an “A” further downstream, circumventing the regulatory terminator to produce IMPDH mRNA. A major determinant for GTP concentration-dependent initiation at the upstream sites is the presence of guanine at the first and second positions of the transcript. Mutations in the Rpb1 subunit of Pol II and in TFIIB disrupt IMD2 regulation by altering start site selection. Thus, Pol II initiation can be regulated by the concentration of initiating nucleotide.