《化學(xué)與生物學(xué)》雜志28日發(fā)表的一項新的研究報告指出,,早期發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種具有抗脂肪和抗癌作用的小分子確實能關(guān)閉脂肪合成基因。
該小分子能阻斷一種叫SREBP的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,,該因子是脂肪合成的主控器,。這種小分子能使有肥胖遺傳傾向的小鼠變得消瘦,并能減少它們肝臟中的脂肪以及降低血糖和膽固醇水平,。
“我們?yōu)樗倪@種作用感到興奮,。”美國貝勒醫(yī)學(xué)院的薩利赫.瓦凱說。“這種作用與脂肪的合成有關(guān),,歸根結(jié)底是與基因的表達(dá)相聯(lián)系,。”
與我們今天所使用的、只抑制單一酶的降膽固醇抑制素不同,,科學(xué)家稱為fatostatin的小分子是作用于脂肪形成的最早階段,。fatostatin能影響許多與脂肪產(chǎn)生有關(guān)的基因,以及與肥胖,、高膽固醇和胰島素耐受有關(guān)的合成代謝,。細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)研究證明,fatostatin能明顯降低63種基因的活性,,其中包括34種與脂肪酸和膽固醇合成有直接關(guān)系的基因,。這里的許多基因是受SREBP控制的。進(jìn)一步分析顯示,,該分子通過抑制SREBP而阻斷其活性和防止其進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核,,否則SREBP會開啟脂肪生成程序,。SREBP通過另外一種叫SCAP的蛋白起作用,SCAP就像SREBP的護(hù)衛(wèi),,護(hù)送SREBP進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核,。
研究人員報告說,肥胖小鼠注射fatostatin后,,盡管它們飲食習(xí)慣有所不同,,但其體重均會明顯下降。4周后,,小鼠體重下降12%,,血糖降低70%,膽固醇(LDL和HDL)也會下降,。它們血液中脂肪酸的濃度會增高,,這是需要燃燒更多脂肪的信號。
盡管肥胖小鼠的肝臟因脂肪而變得很重和蒼白,,通過治療后,,其肝臟減輕30%,而且會變成健康的紅色,。
fatostatin對SREBP的抑制作用一樣也可以解釋早期發(fā)現(xiàn)的它對前列腺癌的治療作用,。細(xì)胞需要脂肪酸和膽固醇來形成細(xì)胞膜和維持生長,研究人員解釋說,。fatostatin不是對SREBP起作用的第一個分子,,但其作用方式與以前所描述的分子多少有所不同。研究人員樂觀地認(rèn)為,,fatostatin在治療肥胖方面有利用價值,,或許在治療心血管疾病和糖尿病方面也有幫助。
“希望將來fatostatin或其衍生物會有利用價值,。” 瓦凱說,。“它將對我們大家遭受的一些主要疾病產(chǎn)生廣泛影響。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Chemistry & Biology, Volume 16, Issue 8, 882-892, 28 August 2009 doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.07.007
A Small Molecule That Blocks Fat Synthesis By Inhibiting the Activation of SREBP
Shinji Kamisuki1,5,Qian Mao2,5,Lutfi Abu-Elheiga2,5,Ziwei Gu2,Akira Kugimiya1,Youngjoo Kwon2,4,Tokuyuki Shinohara1,Yoshinori Kawazoe1,Shin-ichi Sato2,Koko Asakura2,Hea-Young Park Choo1,4,Juro Sakai3,Salih J. Wakil2,,andMotonari Uesugi1,2,,
1 Institute for Chemical Research and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
2 The Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
3 Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that activate transcription ofthe genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis. In the present study, we show that a small synthetic molecule we previously discovered to block adipogenesis is an inhibitor of the SREBP activation. The diarylthiazole derivative, now called fatostatin, impairs the activation process of SREBPs, thereby decreasing the transcription of lipogenic genes in cells. Our analysis suggests that fatostatin inhibits the ER-Golgi translocation of SREBPs through binding to their escort protein, the SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), at a distinct site from the sterol-binding domain. Fatostatin blocked increases in body weight, blood glucose, and hepatic fat accumulation in obese ob/ob mice, even under uncontrolled food intake. Fatostatin may serve as a tool for gaining further insights into the regulation of SREBP.