5月4日,，國際權(quán)威刊物《美國科學院院刊》（PNAS）發(fā)表了華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學微生物學國家重點實驗室姜道宏教授研究小組的研究論文，報告了他們在真菌中發(fā)現(xiàn)的DNA病毒（SsHADV-1）,。這是國際上首次有關(guān)真菌DNA病毒報道,。
感染真菌并在其體內(nèi)增殖的病毒稱為真菌病毒。目前,，真菌中已發(fā)現(xiàn)的所有真菌病毒均為RNA病毒,，甚至有學者認為真菌中可能存在一種可抑制DNA病毒復制和增殖的特殊機制。華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學植物病理學專業(yè)碩士生于曉和博士生李博,，自油菜菌核病病原菌核盤菌致病力衰退菌株DT-8中分離鑒定出DNA病毒,，解開了多年來真菌中是否存在DNA病毒的謎團。
核盤菌DNA病毒與普遍危害作物的植物雙生病毒具有親緣關(guān)系,。據(jù)姜道宏介紹,，中國農(nóng)作物由雙生病毒引起的病害十分嚴重，如黃化曲葉病毒病對番茄具有毀滅性危害，發(fā)病植株不能正常開花或花蕊脫落,，最后罹病植株枯死,。從南到北全國15個省市都有發(fā)生，僅2009年經(jīng)濟損失達數(shù)十億元,。防治該類病毒危害的關(guān)鍵的基礎(chǔ)研究雙生病毒的起源和進化問題,，至今仍然是一個謎團。核盤菌DNA病毒類似于雙生病毒進化中較早祖先的結(jié)構(gòu)特點,，為雙生病毒的起源和進化研究提供了新的科學證據(jù),。
姜道宏還介紹說，在生產(chǎn)實踐上,，致病力衰退相關(guān)的真菌病毒可以用于植物病害生物防治,，尋找這一類病毒是國內(nèi)外生物防治學者致力研究的重要方向之一。
核盤菌DNA病毒的致病力衰退特性在控制作物真菌病害尤其是核盤菌導致的菌核病上具有潛在的優(yōu)勢,。核盤菌可以侵染450多種植物,，其引起的菌核病嚴重威脅到油菜和大豆等多種作物的安全生產(chǎn)。研究人員下一步將開展利用真菌DNA病毒,，防治油菜等作物菌核病等多項研究,。（生 物 谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas.0913535107
A geminivirus-related DNA mycovirus that confers hypovirulence to a plant pathogenic fungus
Xiao Yua,b,1, Bo Lia,b,1, Yanping Fub, Daohong Jianga,b,2, Said A. Ghabrialc, Guoqing Lia,b, Youliang Pengd, Jiatao Xieb, Jiasen Chengb, Junbin Huangb, and Xianhong Yib
aState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China;
bProvincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China;
cDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312; and
dState Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi and have the potential to control fungal diseases of crops when associated with hypovirulence. Typically, mycoviruses have double-stranded (ds) or single-stranded (ss) RNA genomes. No mycoviruses with DNA genomes have previously been reported. Here, we describe a hypovirulence-associated circular ssDNA mycovirus from the plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The genome of this ssDNA virus, named Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirulence-associated DNA virus 1 (SsHADV-1), is 2166 nt, coding for a replication initiation protein (Rep) and a coat protein (CP). Although phylogenetic analysis of Rep showed that SsHADV-1 is related to geminiviruses, it is notably distinct from geminiviruses both in genome organization and particle morphology. Polyethylene glycol-mediated transfection of fungal protoplasts was successful with either purified SsHADV-1 particles or viral DNA isolated directly from infected mycelium. The discovery of an ssDNA mycovirus enhances the potential of exploring fungal viruses as valuable tools for molecular manipulation of fungi and for plant disease control and expands our knowledge of global virus ecology and evolution.
