來(lái)自中科院生物膜與膜生物工程國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,,南開大學(xué),,北京大學(xué)等處的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了線粒體融合過(guò)程中的一種新機(jī)制,,這對(duì)于深入解析線粒體融合,以及相關(guān)的細(xì)胞凋亡,,神經(jīng)退行性疾病等具有重要意義,。這一研究成果公布在Nature Communications上。
這一文章的通訊作者是中國(guó)科學(xué)院陳佺研究員,,其早年畢業(yè)于湖北大學(xué),,目前的研究方向是分析線粒體在細(xì)胞凋亡調(diào)控中的分子機(jī)制,探索細(xì)胞凋亡和腫瘤干細(xì)胞在腫瘤發(fā)生中的關(guān)鍵作用,,以及分析線粒體動(dòng)態(tài)變化(分裂,、融合和線粒體自吞噬及線粒體運(yùn)動(dòng))的分子調(diào)節(jié)及其在神經(jīng)退行性疾病如老年癡呆和帕金森綜合癥發(fā)生中的作用。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)如果線粒體融合過(guò)程出錯(cuò),,錯(cuò)誤的細(xì)胞就會(huì)死亡,,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致疾病的發(fā)生,這其中就包括兩種神經(jīng)退行性疾病——dominant optic atrophy(顯性視神經(jīng)萎縮,,導(dǎo)致失明的最常見遺傳病因)和腓骨肌萎縮癥(CMT,Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease),。因此一些研究人員開始分析這些疾病與線粒體融合之間的關(guān)系,但是由于線粒體的結(jié)構(gòu)組成比較復(fù)雜,,線粒體內(nèi)外膜有所區(qū)別,,所以對(duì)于對(duì)于這一方面了解不多。
在這篇文章中,,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)一種重要的線粒體融合調(diào)控因子:Mitofusins (Mfns)與G-protein β2(Gβ2)亞基能共同調(diào)控線粒體融合過(guò)程,,這揭示了線粒體融合的一種新機(jī)制,即Gβ2能通過(guò)與Mfn1相互作用,,參與線粒體融合調(diào)控,。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)Gβ2在線粒體表面富集,然后特異性的與Mfn1作用,,這樣Gβ2調(diào)控線粒體膜表面Mfn1的流動(dòng)性,,從而影響線粒體融合,并且研究人員還通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)去除了內(nèi)源性Gβ2,,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)線粒體發(fā)生碎裂,,這種情況在加入外源性Gβ2后得到緩解。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于深入解析線粒體融合,以及相關(guān)的細(xì)胞凋亡,,神經(jīng)退行性疾病等具有重要意義,。
之前的研究曾發(fā)現(xiàn)線粒體融合與程序性細(xì)胞死亡即細(xì)胞凋亡密切相關(guān),細(xì)胞凋亡是健康個(gè)體中的一個(gè)正常過(guò)程,,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)線粒體跨膜電位與線粒體通透性改變?cè)诩?xì)胞凋亡過(guò)程中起重要作用,,并且還有人提出了線粒體通透性改變孔道復(fù)合物的假說(shuō)。細(xì)胞凋亡是生命的一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)過(guò)程,,而線粒體融合與細(xì)胞凋亡以及一些疾病的發(fā)生密切相關(guān),,因此在這方面的持續(xù)研究將有利于更多相關(guān)疾病的治療或預(yù)防。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Nature Communications doi:10.1038/ncomms1099
G-protein β2 subunit interacts with mitofusin 1 to regulate mitochondrial fusion
Juan Zhang,Weihua Liu,Jianchao Liu,Weiming Xiao,Lei Liu,Chunsun Jiang,Xin Sun,Pingsheng Liu,Yushan Zhu,Chuanmao Zhang& Quan Chen
Mitofusins (Mfns) mediate the fusion of mitochondrial membranes. However, little is known about how Mfns are regulated to control mitochondrial fusion, which is a multistep process requiring tethering and docking of the outer membranes of two mitochondria. In this study, we report that guanine nucleotide binding protein-β subunit 2 (Gβ2), a WD40 repeats protein and a member of the β-subunits of the heterotrimeric G proteins, has a crucial function in mitochondrial fusion. Gβ2 was found to be enriched on the surface of mitochondria and interacted with mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) specifically. Gβ2 also regulated the mobility of Mfn1 on the surface of the mitochondrial membrane and affected the mitochondrial fusion. Depletion of endogenous Gβ2 resulted in mitochondrial fragmentation, which could be rescued by exogenous Gβ2. These findings have thus uncovered a novel role of Gβ2 in regulating mitochondrial fusion through its interaction with Mfn1.