來自Whitehead生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究所,、麻省理工學(xué)院,、布萊根婦女醫(yī)院(Brigham and Women's Hospital,BWH),、MIT路丁分子腫瘤學(xué)研究中心以及美國國家癌癥研究所的科學(xué)家們在6月10日的《細(xì)胞》(Cell)雜志上發(fā)表了上皮-間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(epithelial mesenchymal transitions,,EMT)信號通路研究新進(jìn)展文章。
文章通訊作者是美國科學(xué)院院士,,世界著名的Whitehead研究所創(chuàng)始人之一Robert A.Weinberg博士,。他的研究方向為人類腫瘤的遺傳學(xué)基礎(chǔ),其中最廣為人知的是他的實驗室發(fā)現(xiàn)了第一個人類癌基因Ras和第一個人類抑癌基因Rb,。他的一系列杰出研究工作已經(jīng)成為腫瘤研究領(lǐng)域乃至整個醫(yī)學(xué)生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域的重要里程碑,。
EMT是指上皮細(xì)胞在形態(tài)學(xué)上發(fā)生向成纖維細(xì)胞或間充質(zhì)細(xì)胞表型的轉(zhuǎn)變并獲得遷移的能力。EMT是胚胎早期發(fā)育和器官生成過程中的一個極其重要的基本過程,,它使在特殊部位產(chǎn)生的上皮細(xì)胞從上皮組織分離并遷移到其他位置,,是正常發(fā)育、傷口愈合以及惡性上皮腫瘤發(fā)生的基礎(chǔ)。過去的研究表明無論是在正常發(fā)育還是在腫瘤發(fā)生過程中,,微環(huán)境各種刺激可通過多種不同信號途徑誘導(dǎo)上皮細(xì)胞發(fā)生上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化,。然而一直以來科學(xué)家們對于誘導(dǎo)EMT以及維持最終細(xì)胞狀態(tài)的信號機制卻并不是十分清楚。
在這篇文章中,,Weinberg領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組證實TGF-β,、經(jīng)典及非經(jīng)典Wnt三條信號通路協(xié)同作用誘導(dǎo)激活細(xì)胞EMT程序,之后以自分泌的方式維持最終的間質(zhì)細(xì)胞狀態(tài),。研究人員證實在上皮細(xì)胞中下調(diào)內(nèi)源的自分泌信號抑制因子可誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞啟動EMT程序,。與之相反,當(dāng)他們在細(xì)胞中添加相關(guān)信號通路抑制劑時,,發(fā)現(xiàn)自分泌信號破壞可導(dǎo)致原代乳腺上皮細(xì)胞遷移及自我更新受到抑制,,并降低了轉(zhuǎn)化衍生物誘導(dǎo)的腫瘤形成及轉(zhuǎn)移。
這些研究結(jié)果揭示了啟動EMT及維持最終細(xì)胞狀態(tài)相關(guān)的信號機制,,從而為預(yù)防腫瘤發(fā)生及轉(zhuǎn)移提供了新的靶點,。
此外不久前,Weinberg在Cell雜志上發(fā)表了一篇綜述性文章中,,簡述了最近10年腫瘤學(xué)中的熱點和進(jìn)展,,包括細(xì)胞自噬、腫瘤干細(xì)胞,、腫瘤微環(huán)境等等,,并且總結(jié)了腫瘤細(xì)胞十大特征,這十個特征分別是:自給自足生長信號(Self-Sufficiency in Growth Signals),;抗生長信號的不敏感(Insensitivity to Antigrowth Signals),;抵抗細(xì)胞死亡(Resisting Cell Death);潛力無限的復(fù)制能力(Limitless Replicative Potential),;持續(xù)的血管生成(Sustained Angiogenesis),;組織浸潤和轉(zhuǎn)移(Tissue Invasion and Metastasis);避免免疫摧毀(Avoiding Immune Destruction),;促進(jìn)腫瘤的炎癥(Tumor Promotion Inflammation),; 細(xì)胞能量異常(Deregulating Cellular Energetics);基因組不穩(wěn)定和突變(Genome Instability and Mutation),。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Cell DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2011.04.029
Paracrine and Autocrine Signals Induce and Maintain Mesenchymal and Stem Cell States in the Breast
Christina Scheel, Elinor Ng Eaton, Sophia Hsin-Jung Li, Christine L. Chaffer, Ferenc Reinhardt, Kong-Jie Kah, George Bell, Wenjun Guo, Jeffrey Rubin, Andrea L. Richardson, Robert A. Weinberg
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been associated with the acquisition of motility, invasiveness, and self-renewal traits. During both normal development and tumor pathogenesis, this change in cell phenotype is induced by contextual signals that epithelial cells receive from their microenvironment. The signals that are responsible for inducing an EMT and maintaining the resulting cellular state have been unclear. We describe three signaling pathways, involving transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling, that collaborate to induce activation of the EMT program and thereafter function in an autocrine fashion to maintain the resulting mesenchymal state. Downregulation of endogenously synthesized inhibitors of autocrine signals in epithelial cells enables the induction of the EMT program. Conversely, disruption of autocrine signaling by added inhibitors of these pathways inhibits migration and self-renewal in primary mammary epithelial cells and reduces tumorigenicity and metastasis by their transformed derivatives.