來自美國堪薩斯大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心,、斯托瓦斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所(Stowers Institute for Medical Research)獲得了轉(zhuǎn)錄過程的研究新發(fā)現(xiàn):轉(zhuǎn)錄因子MED26在RNA聚合酶II合成RNA的過程中扮演了重要的角色,它能直接連接超長延伸復(fù)合物(super-elongation complexes ,SECs),,參與RNA聚合酶II作用。這一研究成果公布在最新《細(xì)胞》(Cell)雜志上,,并作為封面推薦,,封面上顯示MED26因子與RNA聚合酶II就像是接力賽中的兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員,而SEC就是傳遞的接力棒,。
文章由Joan W. Conaway和Ronald C. Conaway研究組完成,,這一研究組聚焦于轉(zhuǎn)錄過程,基因表達(dá)調(diào)控,,RNA聚合酶等方面的研究,,曾發(fā)現(xiàn)多個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的關(guān)鍵作用,比如他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)能夠從其它蛋白中移走蛋白標(biāo)記(泛素)的泛素酶Uch37調(diào)控基因表達(dá)的新機(jī)制,。
RNA聚合酶II(Pol II)三大RNA聚合酶之一,,存在于基因轉(zhuǎn)錄裝置的核心位置,編碼蛋白質(zhì)基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄受到RNA聚合酶的調(diào)控,。RNA聚合酶解開DNA雙鏈,,沿著一條鏈移動(dòng)。在移動(dòng)過程中,,它們一邊“解讀”DNA鏈上的核苷,,一邊合成一條相應(yīng)的RNA鏈。由Pol II組成的RNA是信使RNA(mRNA),,它們將合成蛋白質(zhì)的指令傳給核糖體,。
這一酶的結(jié)構(gòu)已于2008年被Patrick Cramer等人測定,但是其中的一些關(guān)鍵問題還沒有搞清楚,,比如RNA聚合酶II停頓后重新激活過程與SECs的聚集密切相關(guān)——SECs包含有ELL/EAF家族成員:P-TEFb等參與轉(zhuǎn)錄的蛋白因子,,這個(gè)過程是如何發(fā)生的,科學(xué)家們至今了解得并不多,。
在這篇文章中,,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了MED26(中介體復(fù)合物亞基,human Mediator subunit)在這一過程中的關(guān)鍵作用,,MED26的保守N端有可以與SECs結(jié)合的位點(diǎn),,而且這一因子還是與RNA聚合酶II起始復(fù)合物中起始因子TFIID首先相互作用的分子開關(guān),在這之后,,MED26能交換下TFIID,,從而結(jié)合到包含ELL/EAF和P-TEF的復(fù)合物上,幫助RNA聚合酶II的延伸過程,。
這項(xiàng)研究解析了RNA聚合酶II關(guān)鍵延伸過程,,揭開了之前的未解之謎,具有重要的意義,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原味出處:
Cell Doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.06.005
Human Mediator Subunit MED26 Functions as a Docking Site for Transcription Elongation Factors
Hidehisa Takahashi, Tari J. Parmely, Shigeo Sato, Chieri Tomomori-Sato, Charles A.S. Banks, Stephanie E. Kong, Henrietta Szutorisz, Selene K. Swanson, Skylar Martin-Brown, Michael P. Washburn, Laurence Florens, Chris W. Seidel, Chengqi Lin, Edwin R. Smith, Ali Shilatifard, Ronald C. Conaway, Joan W. Conaway
Promoter-proximal pausing by initiated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and regulated release of paused polymerase into productive elongation has emerged as a major mechanism of transcription activation. Reactivation of paused Pol II correlates with recruitment of super-elongation complexes (SECs) containing ELL/EAF family members, P-TEFb, and other proteins, but the mechanism of their recruitment is an unanswered question. Here, we present evidence for a role of human Mediator subunit MED26 in this process. We identify in the conserved N-terminal domain of MED26 overlapping docking sites for SEC and a second ELL/EAF-containing complex, as well as general initiation factor TFIID. In addition, we present evidence consistent with the model that MED26 can function as a molecular switch that interacts first with TFIID in the Pol II initiation complex and then exchanges TFIID for complexes containing ELL/EAF and P-TEFb to facilitate transition of Pol II into the elongation stage of transcription.