2012年9月2日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --當(dāng)醫(yī)院內(nèi)某種疾病暴發(fā)的時(shí)候,,追蹤感染源并且控制其傳播速度往往顯得非常重要,,在短期內(nèi)對(duì)細(xì)菌全基因組進(jìn)行測(cè)序的技術(shù)可以有效追蹤細(xì)菌性疾病的暴發(fā),,傳統(tǒng)的技術(shù)如遺傳指紋,,也就是常說(shuō)的脈沖場(chǎng)凝膠電泳(PFGE)并不能夠在疫情診斷的時(shí)候確定具體的菌株,,而且這種技術(shù)相對(duì)比較粗糙,。近日,,來(lái)自國(guó)立人類基因組研究所的研究人員決定用測(cè)序的技術(shù)來(lái)對(duì)菌株進(jìn)行分辨,,研究者Segre說(shuō),這是我做過(guò)的最有興趣的工作,,如果發(fā)生疫情,,盡管我們處于危機(jī)之中,我們?nèi)钥梢栽诙唐趦?nèi)找出發(fā)病原因,。
當(dāng)來(lái)自兩位感染病人的序列表現(xiàn)出遺傳性上的相似時(shí),,這些病人所共有的特性便會(huì)被細(xì)查出來(lái)。當(dāng)然,,如果兩個(gè)病人的感染并沒(méi)有遺傳上的相似度,,那么研究者的調(diào)查方法并不會(huì)被繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。在這項(xiàng)研究中,,研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)最原始的病人可以感染兩個(gè)人,,而受感染的兩人中,任意一個(gè)都是第二個(gè)確證的例子,,當(dāng)然了,,這種確證方法并不充足。
這種新型的研究方法可以幫助研究者識(shí)別并且根除疾病傳染和傳播的途徑,,比如醫(yī)院的洗滌槽就可以被移除來(lái)控制疾病傳染的比率,。當(dāng)然了研究者表示,基因組測(cè)序并不是對(duì)所有的致病菌都可以進(jìn)行的,比如說(shuō)結(jié)核分枝桿菌,,其由于存在緊密的基因組結(jié)構(gòu),,其世代之間的微小差別并不能明顯展現(xiàn)出來(lái),因此利用基因組測(cè)序并不能對(duì)其進(jìn)行預(yù)防,。
隨著基因組測(cè)序設(shè)備變得便宜而且高效,,因此測(cè)序技術(shù)將會(huì)成為醫(yī)院感染暴發(fā)測(cè)定效應(yīng)的一部分。來(lái)自劍橋大學(xué)的研究者Sharon表示,,這項(xiàng)研究非常不錯(cuò),,其對(duì)控制院內(nèi)疾病暴發(fā)將會(huì)帶來(lái)新的階梯性的改變。相關(guān)研究成果刊登在了近日的國(guó)際雜志Science Translational Medicine上,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
編譯自:Genome sequencing used to control hospital infection
doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3004129
PMC:
PMID:
Tracking a Hospital Outbreak of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with Whole-Genome Sequencing
Evan S. Snitkin1, Adrian M. Zelazny2, Pamela J. Thomas1, Frida Stock2, NISC Comparative Sequencing Program3, David K. Henderson2, Tara N. Palmore2,* and Julia A. Segre1,*
The Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major cause of nosocomial infections, primarily among immunocompromised patients. The emergence of strains resistant to carbapenems has left few treatment options, making infection containment critical. In 2011, the U.S. National Institutes of Health Clinical Center experienced an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae that affected 18 patients, 11 of whom died. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on K. pneumoniae isolates to gain insight into why the outbreak progressed despite early implementation of infection control procedures. Integrated genomic and epidemiological analysis traced the outbreak to three independent transmissions from a single patient who was discharged 3 weeks before the next case became clinically apparent. Additional genomic comparisons provided evidence for unexpected transmission routes, with subsequent mining of epidemiological data pointing to possible explanations for these transmissions. Our analysis demonstrates that integration of genomic and epidemiological data can yield actionable insights and facilitate the control of nosocomial transmission./P>