法國(guó)研究機(jī)構(gòu)近日公布一項(xiàng)研究成果稱，食用常見轉(zhuǎn)基因谷物會(huì)使實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠患上腫瘤和多種器官損傷,。法國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng)勒弗爾,、環(huán)境部長(zhǎng)黛爾菲那巴多，以及社會(huì)事務(wù)部部長(zhǎng)瑪利索爾圖雷納均表示,，已要求法國(guó)健康安全局對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究成果進(jìn)行調(diào)查,。法國(guó)健康安全局認(rèn)為，法國(guó)政府將敦促歐盟采取一切必要措施,，保護(hù)人類和動(dòng)物健康,。
實(shí)驗(yàn)兩年得出研究成果
不久前，法國(guó)凱恩大學(xué)科學(xué)家公布的研究結(jié)果稱,，用轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米NK603喂養(yǎng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠患上了腫瘤,。是美國(guó)孟山都公司研制的一種轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米，通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù),，這種玉米對(duì)孟山都公司生產(chǎn)的草甘膦除草劑“Round?up”具有抗藥性,。因此種植這種轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米的農(nóng)民可以放心使用“Roundup”,，既不會(huì)對(duì)作物造成影響，又能節(jié)省費(fèi)用,。但凱恩大學(xué)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn),，用NK603和被“Roundup”污染的飼料喂養(yǎng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠，罹患腫瘤和其他內(nèi)臟損傷比例非常高,。
這一研究成果已刊發(fā)在《食品化學(xué)毒物學(xué)》雜志上（相關(guān)論文）,，研究強(qiáng)調(diào)，這是首次在長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩年以上只吃轉(zhuǎn)基因谷物的實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠身上得出的研究成果,，而通常在白鼠身上進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)往往只持續(xù)90天,。
雌性實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠傷害更嚴(yán)重
在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，200只雄性和雌性實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠各自被分成十組,，每組十只,。其中一組被作為“對(duì)比組”，喂食含有33%轉(zhuǎn)基因谷物的普通飼料和白水,，另外三組被喂食含有較大劑量草甘膦除草劑的飼料和水,，目的是反映除草劑對(duì)食物鏈的影響。而另外六組則被喂食含有不同比例NK603的飼料,。
經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩年的觀察,，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)NK603和草甘膦除草劑對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠的健康造成了相似的危害，尤其在雌性實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠中,，幼鼠夭折和患病的比例特別高,。在實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行到第14個(gè)月時(shí)，對(duì)照組的實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠沒有一例發(fā)現(xiàn)患癌,，而在被喂食含有NK603和草甘膦除草劑飼料的組別中,，有10%到30%的實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠患上了腫瘤。
實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行到24個(gè)月,，在所有喂食含有NK603和草甘膦除草劑飼料的組別中,，50%到80%的實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠長(zhǎng)了腫瘤，而且平均每只長(zhǎng)的腫瘤多達(dá)3個(gè),，而在對(duì)照組中,，只有30%患病。而在接受實(shí)驗(yàn)的雄性實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠中,，出現(xiàn)的主要健康問題包括肝臟受損,、腎臟和皮膚腫瘤，以及消化系統(tǒng)疾病,。
歐盟或禁止進(jìn)口轉(zhuǎn)基因谷物
研究結(jié)果公布后,，孟山都公司法國(guó)總部稱：“我們還需要請(qǐng)專家對(duì)研究結(jié)果評(píng)估，現(xiàn)在做出評(píng)論為時(shí)過(guò)早,。此前所做的超過(guò)300多次實(shí)驗(yàn)都證明是安全的,。”
長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),，歐洲一些環(huán)保團(tuán)體認(rèn)為，轉(zhuǎn)基因作物可能對(duì)人類健康和環(huán)境造成危害,，但一直沒有長(zhǎng)期的大規(guī)模研究成果作為依據(jù),。在歐洲，并不種植NK603,，只會(huì)進(jìn)口這種轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米作為飼料,，這一研究報(bào)告可能導(dǎo)致歐盟禁止進(jìn)口這種轉(zhuǎn)基因谷物。只有孟山都公司研發(fā)的MON810型轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米在歐洲獲得了種植許可,。然而在澳大利亞,、保加利亞、法國(guó),、希臘,、匈牙利,、盧森堡和羅馬尼亞,，已經(jīng)禁止了種植MON810型轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi：10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.005
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Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize
Gilles-Eric Séralinia, Emilie Claira, Robin Mesnagea, Steeve Gressa, Nicolas Defargea, Manuela Malatestab, Didier Hennequinc, Joel Spiroux de Vendomoisa
The health effects of a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize (from 11% in the diet), cultivated with or without Roundup, and Roundup alone (from 0.1 ppb in water), were studied 2 years in rats. In females, all treated groups died 2–3 times more than controls, and more rapidly. This difference was visible in 3 male groups fed GMOs. All results were hormone and sex dependent, and the pathological profiles were comparable. Females developed large mammary tumors almost always more often than and before controls, the pituitary was the second most disabled organ; the sex hormonal balance was modified by GMO and Roundup treatments. In treated males, liver congestions and necrosis were 2.5–5.5 times higher. This pathology was confirmed by optic and transmission electron microscopy. Marked and severe kidney nephropathies were also generally 1.3–2.3 greater. Males presented 4 times more large palpable tumors than controls which occurred up to 600 days earlier. Biochemistry data confirmed very significant kidney chronic deficiencies; for all treatments and both sexes, 76% of the altered parameters were kidney related. These results can be explained by the non linear endocrine-disrupting effects of Roundup, but also by the overexpression of the transgene in the GMO and its metabolic consequences.
