正如宇宙間存在既看不到也感覺(jué)不到的“暗物質(zhì)”,、“暗能量”一樣,,在生命體這個(gè)“小宇宙”中,也存在神秘的“暗物質(zhì)”——非編碼RNA(核糖核酸),。中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)教授單革的一項(xiàng)最新研究表明,,這些以前被認(rèn)為是“垃圾”的RNA,參與了物種間的基因調(diào)控,?!蹲匀?mdash;通訊》日前在線發(fā)表了這一研究成果。
RNA是一類重要的生命物質(zhì),,其中,,編碼RNA的功能是作為合成蛋白質(zhì)的模板;而生物體內(nèi)大量的RNA是不編碼蛋白質(zhì)的非編碼RNA,,人類基因組轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物的90%以上為非編碼RNA,。以往的研究認(rèn)為,非編碼RNA不編碼蛋白質(zhì),,屬于“垃圾”RNA,。而隨著研究的深入,,科學(xué)家逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn),非編碼RNA含有豐富的信息,,是生命體中有待探索的“暗物質(zhì)”,。目前已發(fā)現(xiàn)很多非編碼RNA具有的重要生物學(xué)功能。同時(shí),,越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明,,一系列重大疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展與非編碼RNA調(diào)控失衡相關(guān)。
單革實(shí)驗(yàn)室對(duì)非編碼RNA進(jìn)行了深入研究,,首次發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)菌利用自身產(chǎn)生的非編碼RNA,,以類似RNA干擾的方式來(lái)調(diào)控線蟲的基因表達(dá)。而此前的研究都是利用人工設(shè)計(jì)的非編碼RNA在線蟲中進(jìn)行RNA干擾實(shí)驗(yàn),。
他們發(fā)現(xiàn),,大腸桿菌在不利條件下會(huì)利用自身產(chǎn)生的非編碼RNA來(lái)“對(duì)抗”取食它的秀麗線蟲。當(dāng)大腸桿菌暴露于空氣中時(shí),,受到氧化脅迫,,便會(huì)表達(dá)某種非編碼RNA,線蟲食用了含有這種非編碼RNA的大腸桿菌后,,其嗅覺(jué)基因會(huì)受到下調(diào),,嗅覺(jué)變得遲鈍,從而減少對(duì)大腸桿菌的取食,。而當(dāng)大腸桿菌處于低于25℃條件下,,其產(chǎn)生的另一非編碼RNA將會(huì)對(duì)食用大腸桿菌的線蟲的一個(gè)壽命基因進(jìn)行調(diào)控,使線蟲的壽命變短,。研究結(jié)果表明,非編碼RNA參與了物種間的基因調(diào)控,,也暗示非編碼RNA可能參與了物種間的共進(jìn)化,。
單革表示,該研究對(duì)進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)非編碼RNA的功能和機(jī)理具有一定的啟示意義,,相信在未來(lái)的研究中,,對(duì)非編碼RNA這一“暗物質(zhì)”將會(huì)有更多的發(fā)現(xiàn)。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/ncomms2071
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Escherichia coli noncoding RNAs can affect gene expression and physiology of Caenorhabditis elegans
Huijie Liu; Xueren Wang; Horng-Dar Wang; JinJing Wu; Jing Ren; Lingfeng Meng; Qingfa Wu; Hansheng Dong; Jing Wu; Tzu-Yu Kao; Qian Ge; Zheng-xing Wu; Chiou-Hwa Yuh; Ge Shan
Food and other environmental factors affect gene expression and behaviour of animals. Differences in bacterial food affect the behaviour and longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans. However, no research has been carried out to investigate whether bacteria could utilize endogenous RNAs to affect C. elegans physiology. Here we show that two Escherichia coli endogenous noncoding RNAs, OxyS and DsrA, impact on the physiology of C. elegans. OxyS downregulates che-2, leading to impairment in C. elegans chemosensory behaviour and DsrA suppresses diacylglycerol lipase gene F42G9.6, leading to a decrease in longevity. We also examine some genes in the C. elegans RNA interference pathway for their possible involvement in the effects of OxyS and DsrA. Other bacteria, such as Bacillus mycoides, may also utilize its noncoding RNAs to interfere with gene expression in C. elegans. Our results demonstrate that E. coli noncoding RNAs can regulate gene expression and physiological conditions of C. elegans and indicate that noncoding RNAs might have interspecies ecological roles.