2型糖尿病是一種慢性代謝性疾病,,近年來,,隨著生活水平的日益提高,,我國2型糖尿病的發(fā)病率急速增加,,并且有發(fā)病時間年輕化的趨勢,,已成為嚴重威脅我國人民健康的公共衛(wèi)生問題,。糖尿病可以導(dǎo)致非常嚴重的并發(fā)癥,如心血管疾病等,。因此,,研究糖尿病的發(fā)病機制,尋找有效的治療方法,,已成為一個急待解決的科學(xué)問題,。
2型糖尿病的一個主要病理生理學(xué)機制是胰島素抵抗。胰島素是調(diào)控機體血糖水平的關(guān)鍵激素,,而PI3K(磷脂酰肌醇3激酶)則是調(diào)控胰島素所介導(dǎo)的信號通路中最關(guān)鍵的分子,。PI3K由催化亞基p110和調(diào)節(jié)亞基p85構(gòu)成,在調(diào)控細胞代謝等方面發(fā)揮了重要的作用,。中科院上海生科院營養(yǎng)科學(xué)研究所陳雁研究組組的博士生王笑和王玲娣等人最近發(fā)現(xiàn)孕酮和脂聯(lián)素受體家族成員PAQR3是一個在細胞內(nèi)調(diào)控PI3K的關(guān)鍵分子,,通過調(diào)節(jié)PI3K活性而參與胰島素信號通路的調(diào)節(jié)。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)PAQR3與p110相互作用,,過度表達PAQR3能夠增加p110在細胞內(nèi)高爾基體上的定位,;而降低PAQR3則減少p110在高爾基體上的分布。尤其重要的是,,PAQR3與p110的p85蛋白結(jié)合域相互作用,,干擾了PI3K的兩個亞基p85和p110的相互作用,從而影響PI3K的活性,。在肝細胞中,,PAQR3的表達水平直接調(diào)控PI3K的酶活性。在肝細胞,、肝組織和骨骼肌中,,PAQR3對胰島素信號通路轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)具有負調(diào)控作用。在小鼠敲除PAQR3可以增加機體對胰島素的敏感性,。另外,,在胰島素抵抗的細胞及其罹患2型糖尿病的動物模型上,PAQR3的表達水平顯著上升,,提示PAQR3的水平改變可能是介導(dǎo)2型糖尿病發(fā)生過程中出現(xiàn)的胰島素抵抗的一個全新機制,。
上述研究首次揭示了PAQR3對胰島素信號通路的調(diào)控功能,,并提示PAQR3的表達改變是導(dǎo)致2型糖尿病的一個潛在機制。這一研究結(jié)果于2012年10月18日在國際糖尿病研究領(lǐng)域權(quán)威雜志Diabetes上在線發(fā)表,。
該研究受到科技部,、國家基金委和中科院項目的支持。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi: 10.2337/db12-0244
PMC:
PMID:
PAQR3 Modulates Insulin Signaling by Shunting Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase p110α to the Golgi Apparatus
Wang X, Wang L, Zhu L, Pan Y, Xiao F, Liu W, Wang Z, Guo F, Liu Y, Thomas WG, Chen Y.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) mediates insulin actions by relaying signals from insulin receptors (IRs) to downstream targets. The p110α catalytic subunit of class IA PI3K is the primary insulin-responsive PI3K implicated in insulin signaling. We demonstrate here a new mode of spatial regulation for the p110α subunit of PI3K by PAQR3 that is exclusively localized in the Golgi apparatus. PAQR3 interacts with p110α, and the intracellular targeting of p110α to the Golgi apparatus is reduced by PAQR3 downregulation and increased by PAQR3 overexpression. Insulin-stimulated PI3K activity and phosphoinositide (3,4,5)-triphosphate production are enhanced by Paqr3 deletion and reduced by PAQR3 overexpression in hepatocytes. Deletion of Paqr3 enhances insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase 3β, but not phosphorylation of IR and IR substrate-1 (IRS-1), in hepatocytes, mouse liver, and skeletal muscle. Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane and glucose uptake are enhanced by Paqr3 ablation. Furthermore, PAQR3 interacts with the domain of p110α involved in its binding with p85, the regulatory subunit of PI3K. Overexpression of PAQR3 dose-dependently reduces the interaction of p85α with p110α. Thus, PAQR3 negatively regulates insulin signaling by shunting cytosolic p110α to the Golgi apparatus while competing with p85 subunit in forming a PI3K complex with p110α.