2012年11月23日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --使用一種名為“電子斷層掃描術(shù)”的新技術(shù),,來自貝勒醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究者創(chuàng)建了一種三維圖譜,可以幫助研究者更好地理解視覺棒狀感覺纖毛由于遺傳突變而引發(fā)的改變,,以及幫助研究者揭示遺傳突變?nèi)绾斡绊懸曈X棒狀感覺纖毛轉(zhuǎn)運視覺感知蛋白質(zhì)的過程,。相關(guān)研究成果于近日刊登在了國際雜志Cell上。
在這項研究中,,研究者表示,,存在遺傳突變的小鼠會導(dǎo)致其視桿細胞外節(jié)膜盤的結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)缺陷,視桿細胞外節(jié)膜盤是視網(wǎng)膜光感受器的一部分,,其包括含有視紫質(zhì)的對光敏感的磁盤膜結(jié)構(gòu),,而視紫質(zhì)又是視網(wǎng)膜感光細胞中的生物色素,其負責感光,。
研究者通過使用電子斷層掃描技術(shù),,比較了突變體小鼠和正常小鼠的視桿細胞外節(jié)膜盤的結(jié)構(gòu)差別,視網(wǎng)膜中光感受器的感光外膜盤結(jié)構(gòu)可以通過小型的圓筒狀微觀,與細胞中負責蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)部膜盤進行連接,,研究者Wensel說,,這是一個從光感受器內(nèi)部膜盤到外部膜盤之間巨大的信息交流結(jié)構(gòu),這種三維結(jié)構(gòu)揭示了拴在薄膜絲上的小囊泡,。這些小囊泡可以融合到細胞質(zhì)膜中,,并且越過細胞膜到達外部膜盤處。
在對巴比二氏綜合癥的小鼠模型的研究中,,研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)了小囊泡的大量積累,,巴比二氏綜合癥基因包含了BBsome的編碼信息,其可以形成被膜來盡可能完成連接纖毛和細胞外被之間的運輸,。
研究者表示,我們推測BBsome外胎需要質(zhì)膜融合或者運輸?shù)酵獠磕けP上,,這將為我們提供一種新型工作模型,。同時也揭示了蛋白質(zhì)的異常運輸主要負責光感受器的退化。(生物谷Bioon.com)
編譯自:Architecture of Rod Sensory Cilium Disrupted by Mutation
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.10.038
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PMID:
Three-Dimensional Architecture of the Rod Sensory Cilium and Its Disruption in Retinal Neurodegeneration
Jared C. Gilliam, Juan T. Chang, Ivette M. Sandoval, Youwen Zhang, Tiansen Li, Steven J. Pittler, Wah Chiu, Theodore G. Wensel
Defects in primary cilia lead to devastating disease because of their roles in sensation and developmental signaling but much is unknown about ciliary structure and mechanisms of their formation and maintenance. We used cryo-electron tomography to obtain 3D maps of the connecting cilium and adjacent cellular structures of a modified primary cilium, the rod outer segment, from wild-type and genetically defective mice. The results reveal the molecular architecture of the cilium and provide insights into protein functions. They suggest that the ciliary rootlet is involved in cellular transport and stabilizes the axoneme. A defect in the BBSome membrane coat caused defects in vesicle targeting near the base of the cilium. Loss of the proteins encoded by the Cngb1 gene disrupted links between the disk and plasma membranes. The structures of the outer segment membranes support a model for disk morphogenesis in which basal disks are enveloped by the plasma membrane.