日本研究小組拍攝的黑猩猩產(chǎn)子錄像顯示,，這種動物的分娩方式與人類相似,。科學(xué)家一度認(rèn)為,，人類的分娩方式是獨一無二的,。這一觀點面臨挑戰(zhàn)。錄像中,，黑猩猩嬰兒以面朝母親的姿勢從產(chǎn)道鉆出,。科學(xué)家一度認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代人的靈長類祖先進化出這種姿勢,。這一研究發(fā)現(xiàn)反駁了一項理論,。
為了進行此項研究，日本岡山林原大猿研究所的研究小組現(xiàn)場拍攝了3段黑猩猩產(chǎn)子錄像。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)刊登在英國皇家學(xué)會《生物學(xué)快報》雜志上,。為了拍攝產(chǎn)子錄像,，研究人員與圈養(yǎng)的黑猩猩一起生活，睡在它們的圍欄內(nèi)以確保分娩時自己就在現(xiàn)場,。首席研究員平田智在接受英國廣播公司(BBC)采訪時表示：“我們一直與黑猩猩呆在一起,。分娩時，我們就在屋里,，近距離拍下整個分娩過程,。”
科學(xué)家在研究論文中指出，猴子等靈長類動物的嬰兒出生時面朝母親,。這允許母親安全地舉起嬰兒,，在其出生后快速清理呼吸通道。平田智說：“人類學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類嬰兒出生時面朝母親是助產(chǎn)的需要,，但我們的觀察告訴我們事實并非如此,。我們往往認(rèn)為人類的分娩方式是獨一無二的，但對于其他動物的分娩方式,，我們的了解還不夠,。”
研究人員指出，3段黑猩猩產(chǎn)子錄像反駁了這一理論,。他們表示：“所有3次分娩過程中,，嬰兒鉆出產(chǎn)道時的面部和肩膀方向均相似，說明這是一種‘正常’姿勢,，以同樣的方式受黑猩猩的解剖學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)控制,。”（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
Biol. Lett. Published online before print April 20, 2011, doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0214
Mechanism of birth in chimpanzees: humans are not unique among primates
Satoshi Hirata*, Koki Fuwa, Keiko Sugama, Kiyo Kusunoki and Hideko Takeshita
Abstract
Researchers have argued that the process of human birth is unique among primates and mammals in that the infant emerges with its face oriented in the opposite direction from its mother (occiput anterior) and head rotation occurs in the birth canal. However, this notion of human uniqueness has not been substantiated, because there are few comparative studies of birth in non-human primates. This paper reports the mechanism of birth in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) based on the first clear, close-up video recordings of three chimpanzee births in captivity. In all three cases, the foetus emerged with an occiput anterior orientation, and the head and body rotated after the head had emerged. Therefore, these characteristics are not uniquely human. Furthermore, in two of the three cases, the chimpanzee newborns landed on the ground without being guided from the birth canal by the mother. The fact that the human newborn emerges with an occiput anterior orientation has thus far been taken as evidence for the necessity of midwifery in modern humans, but this view also needs revision. Our observations raise the need to reconsider the evolutionary scenario of human birth.
