二氧化碳排放過多會推動全球變暖,，對此人們已有很多認(rèn)識。但美國科學(xué)家呼吁,，應(yīng)同時加大對活性氮的關(guān)注,，因為這種物質(zhì)正在自然環(huán)境中快速積累，對環(huán)境的危害越來越大,，可能不亞于二氧化碳,。
美國研究人員在新一期《科學(xué)》雜志上撰文說,，氮氣的化學(xué)性質(zhì)不活潑，不易發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng),。但活性氮卻很活躍,，進入大氣后其形成的氮化物如果過度積累能帶來煙霧和酸雨，破壞臭氧層,，并加劇全球變暖,，因此活性氮在很多方面都像二氧化碳一樣會帶來“大問題”。
參與研究的弗吉尼亞大學(xué)教授詹姆斯·加洛韋指出,，目前活性氮在自然環(huán)境中的積累速度“驚人”,，所帶來的威脅非常嚴(yán)重，可能“不亞于二氧化碳”,。
氮化物主要是在使用氮肥和燃燒化石燃料的過程中產(chǎn)生的,。研究人員說，如何在有效控制二氧化碳和氮化物排放的同時又不影響糧食生產(chǎn)和保證能源供應(yīng),，將是人類面臨的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),。
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Science，Vol. 320. no. 5878, pp. 889 - 892,，James N. Galloway, Mark A. Sutton
Transformation of the Nitrogen Cycle: Recent Trends, Questions, and Potential Solutions
James N. Galloway,1* Alan R. Townsend,2 Jan Willem Erisman,3 Mateete Bekunda,4 Zucong Cai,5 John R. Freney,6 Luiz A. Martinelli,7 Sybil P. Seitzinger,8 Mark A. Sutton9
Humans continue to transform the global nitrogen cycle at a record pace, reflecting an increased combustion of fossil fuels, growing demand for nitrogen in agriculture and industry, and pervasive inefficiencies in its use. Much anthropogenic nitrogen is lost to air, water, and land to cause a cascade of environmental and human health problems. Simultaneously, food production in some parts of the world is nitrogen-deficient, highlighting inequities in the distribution of nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Optimizing the need for a key human resource while minimizing its negative consequences requires an integrated interdisciplinary approach and the development of strategies to decrease nitrogen-containing waste.
1 Environmental Sciences Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
2 Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Campus Box 450, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
3 Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, ECN, Post Office Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands.
4 Faculty of Agriculture, Makerere University, Post Office Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
5 Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
6 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia.
7 Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura-Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Centenario, 303, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil.
8 Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Marine Education and Research Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
9 Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK.
