英國癌癥研究會的一項研究報告說,，在40歲至50歲期間服用主要用于止痛和治療心臟病的藥物阿司匹林,，可降低日后罹患癌癥的風險,，但目前尚不能建議將該藥物作為預防癌癥的藥物長期服用,。
研究人員說,，在通常的癌癥高發(fā)年齡段之前連續(xù)服用阿司匹林，10年后該藥物預防癌癥的效果達到最佳,。癌癥研究會流行病學中心的杰克·庫濟克教授指出,，可導致癌癥的一些身體損傷通常在45歲左右顯現(xiàn)，因此在40多歲時服用阿司匹林較好,，在這個時期服用阿司匹林面臨的副作用也比在15年至20年后服用要小得多,。
研究顯示，阿司匹林可抑制引發(fā)炎癥的蛋白質(zhì)的作用,，在幾種類型的癌癥中,，這類蛋白質(zhì)的水平通常都很高。以往的研究已證實,，服用阿司匹林可降低罹患腸癌,、乳腺癌等類型癌癥的風險。研究人員指出,，阿司匹林可能增加潰瘍和內(nèi)出血的風險,。常見類型的癌癥如前列腺癌、乳腺癌,、肺癌和腸癌等一般在60歲后出現(xiàn),，而這樣的年齡正是阿司匹林造成內(nèi)出血風險最高的時候。
庫濟克說,，在建議將阿司匹林作為預防癌癥的藥物長期服用前,，還有許多問題有待回答,，比如，如何更好地判斷哪些人患癌癥的風險較高,，以及阿司匹林對哪些人的副作用較小,。此外，尚不清楚低劑量的阿司匹林是否具有目前使用的每天300毫克的常規(guī)劑量同樣的預防癌癥的效果,。
英國心臟病基金會的埃倫·梅森說,，目前阿司匹林造成內(nèi)出血的風險大于預防癌癥的好處。
上述研究報告刊登在最新一期《柳葉刀—腫瘤學》（The Lancet Oncology）雜志上,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
The Lancet Oncology,，Volume 10, Issue 5, Pages 501 - 507，Jack Cuzick,，Michael Thun
Aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for cancer prevention: an international consensus statement
Prof Jack Cuzick PhD a , Florian Otto MD b c, Prof John A Baron MD d, Prof Powel H Brown MD e, Prof John Burn PhD f, Peter Greenwald MD g, Prof Janusz Jankowski MD h i, Prof Carlo La Vecchia MD j, Prof Frank Meyskens MD k, Hans J?rg Senn MD b c, Prof Michael Thun MD l
Summary
Evidence clearly shows a chemopreventive effect for aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on colorectal cancer and probably other cancer types; however, data on the risk—benefit profile for cancer prevention are insufficient and no definitive recommendations can be made. Aspirin has emerged as the most likely NSAID for use in chemoprevention because of its known cardiovascular benefit and available safety and efficacy data. Other traditional NSAIDs, particularly sulindac, and selective COX-2 inhibitors are now given to patients at high risk of colorectal cancer, although these drugs do not provide cardioprotection. More studies of aspirin and cancer prevention are needed to define the lowest effective dose, the age at which to initiate therapy, the optimum treatment duration, and the subpopulations for which the benefits of chemoprevention outweigh the risks of adverse side-effects. Although it might be possible to answer some of these questions with longer follow-up of existing clinical trials, randomised controlled trials with new study designs will be needed. Future projects should investigate the effects of aspirin treatment on multiple organ systems. Cancers of interest are colorectal, breast, prostate, lung, stomach, and oesophageal. The main side-effect of aspirin is peptic ulcers; therefore coadministration of aspirin with a proton-pump inhibitor is an attractive option and is under investigation in the AspECT trial.
