兩項發(fā)表的姐妹篇研究報告說,,科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了大腦新陳代謝與老年癡呆癥(Alzheimer's disease)之間的一個可能的聯(lián)系,。遠在認知衰退和癡呆出現(xiàn)之前,,老年癡呆癥就以富含蛋白質(zhì)的沉積物(稱為淀粉樣斑塊)的形式在大腦中默默地發(fā)展,。盡管該病的原因尚不清楚,,斑塊沉積的位置與在人們甚至沒有從事為達到目標而努力的任務的時候也保持活躍的一組大腦區(qū)域重疊,。通過使用正電子發(fā)射斷層成像技術,,Andrei G. Vlassenko及其同事比較了神經(jīng)健康的成年人的大腦和那些患老年癡呆癥的成年人的大腦,,從而確定斑塊沉積的模式是否可能與潛在的大腦代謝聯(lián)系起來。這組作者在患老年癡呆癥的人們身上發(fā)現(xiàn),,斑塊在一些大腦區(qū)域積累起來,,在健康人的大腦的這些同樣的區(qū)域,一個稱為有氧糖酵解的代謝過程增加,。S. Neil Vaishnavi等人在姐妹篇論文中報告了健康人的大腦各個區(qū)域的有氧糖酵解水平各異,,這一過程產(chǎn)生了大腦所需的能量的約5%,。
然而,在一些區(qū)域——諸如前額葉和頂葉皮層,,它們被認為起到了自我參照和任務控制的作用——顯示出了高水平的有氧糖酵解,,而另一些皮層——諸如小腦和海馬體,它們被認為影響著運動控制和記憶——顯示出了低水平的有氧糖酵解,。
大腦細胞使用有氧糖酵解從而迅速地從少量葡萄糖中取得能量,,同時通過一個更有效的生物化學過程使用葡萄糖從而獲得大量能量。這組作者說,,由于有氧糖酵解可能幫助大腦產(chǎn)生細胞的基本組件,、管理有毒的代謝副產(chǎn)品,并調(diào)控程序性細胞死亡,,這些發(fā)現(xiàn)提示了由有氧糖酵解提供能量的大腦功能與老年癡呆癥的發(fā)病之間可能存在聯(lián)系,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦英文摘要:
PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas.1010461107
Spatial correlation between brain aerobic glycolysis and amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition
Andrei G. Vlassenkoa, S. Neil Vaishnavia, Lars Couturea, Dana Saccoa, Benjamin J. Shannona, Robert H. Macha, John C. Morrisb, Marcus E. Raichlea,b,c,d,1, and Mark A. Mintuna,1
Departments of aRadiology,bNeurology, cNeurobiology, and dBiomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition can precede the clinical manifestations of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) by many years and can be associated with changes in brain metabolism. Both the Aβ plaque deposition and the changes in metabolism appear to be concentrated in the brain's default-mode network. In contrast to prior studies of brain metabolism which viewed brain metabolism from a unitary perspective that equated glucose utilization with oxygen consumption, we here report on regional glucose use apart from that entering oxidative phosphorylation (so-called “aerobic glycolysis”). Using PET, we found that the spatial distribution of aerobic glycolysis in normal young adults correlates spatially with Aβ deposition in individuals with DAT and cognitively normal participants with elevated Aβ, suggesting a possible link between regional aerobic glycolysis in young adulthood and later development of Alzheimer pathology.