兩項(xiàng)發(fā)表的姐妹篇研究報(bào)告說(shuō),,科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了大腦新陳代謝與老年癡呆癥(Alzheimer's disease)之間的一個(gè)可能的聯(lián)系。遠(yuǎn)在認(rèn)知衰退和癡呆出現(xiàn)之前,,老年癡呆癥就以富含蛋白質(zhì)的沉積物(稱為淀粉樣斑塊)的形式在大腦中默默地發(fā)展。盡管該病的原因尚不清楚,斑塊沉積的位置與在人們甚至沒(méi)有從事為達(dá)到目標(biāo)而努力的任務(wù)的時(shí)候也保持活躍的一組大腦區(qū)域重疊。通過(guò)使用正電子發(fā)射斷層成像技術(shù),,Andrei G. Vlassenko及其同事比較了神經(jīng)健康的成年人的大腦和那些患老年癡呆癥的成年人的大腦,從而確定斑塊沉積的模式是否可能與潛在的大腦代謝聯(lián)系起來(lái),。這組作者在患老年癡呆癥的人們身上發(fā)現(xiàn),,斑塊在一些大腦區(qū)域積累起來(lái),在健康人的大腦的這些同樣的區(qū)域,,一個(gè)稱為有氧糖酵解的代謝過(guò)程增加,。S. Neil Vaishnavi等人在姐妹篇論文中報(bào)告了健康人的大腦各個(gè)區(qū)域的有氧糖酵解水平各異,,這一過(guò)程產(chǎn)生了大腦所需的能量的約5%,。
然而,在一些區(qū)域——諸如前額葉和頂葉皮層,,它們被認(rèn)為起到了自我參照和任務(wù)控制的作用——顯示出了高水平的有氧糖酵解,,而另一些皮層——諸如小腦和海馬體,它們被認(rèn)為影響著運(yùn)動(dòng)控制和記憶——顯示出了低水平的有氧糖酵解,。
大腦細(xì)胞使用有氧糖酵解從而迅速地從少量葡萄糖中取得能量,,同時(shí)通過(guò)一個(gè)更有效的生物化學(xué)過(guò)程使用葡萄糖從而獲得大量能量。這組作者說(shuō),,由于有氧糖酵解可能幫助大腦產(chǎn)生細(xì)胞的基本組件,、管理有毒的代謝副產(chǎn)品,并調(diào)控程序性細(xì)胞死亡,,這些發(fā)現(xiàn)提示了由有氧糖酵解提供能量的大腦功能與老年癡呆癥的發(fā)病之間可能存在聯(lián)系,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦英文摘要:
PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas.1010461107
Spatial correlation between brain aerobic glycolysis and amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition
Andrei G. Vlassenkoa, S. Neil Vaishnavia, Lars Couturea, Dana Saccoa, Benjamin J. Shannona, Robert H. Macha, John C. Morrisb, Marcus E. Raichlea,b,c,d,1, and Mark A. Mintuna,1
Departments of aRadiology,bNeurology, cNeurobiology, and dBiomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition can precede the clinical manifestations of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) by many years and can be associated with changes in brain metabolism. Both the Aβ plaque deposition and the changes in metabolism appear to be concentrated in the brain's default-mode network. In contrast to prior studies of brain metabolism which viewed brain metabolism from a unitary perspective that equated glucose utilization with oxygen consumption, we here report on regional glucose use apart from that entering oxidative phosphorylation (so-called “aerobic glycolysis”). Using PET, we found that the spatial distribution of aerobic glycolysis in normal young adults correlates spatially with Aβ deposition in individuals with DAT and cognitively normal participants with elevated Aβ, suggesting a possible link between regional aerobic glycolysis in young adulthood and later development of Alzheimer pathology.