來自密歇根大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院,、加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校等處的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種能區(qū)分具有不同前列腺癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的男性患者的新尿液檢測方法,,這為探測前列腺癌提供了一種精確檢測方法,也說明了“個(gè)性化”醫(yī)療的可能,。這一研究成果公布在《科學(xué)—轉(zhuǎn)化醫(yī)學(xué)》(Science-Translational Medicine)雜志上,。
文章的通訊作者是密歇根大學(xué)病理系教授、病理信息研究中心主任,、癌癥生物信息研究中心主任,、首席科學(xué)家Arul M Chinnaiyan教授。Chinnaiyan教授2005年就曾證實(shí)在前列腺癌中兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的基因融合在一起,,形成了新的融合基因,,這一成果發(fā)表在Science雜志上,,被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)具有里程碑意義的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
在美國,,前列腺癌是男性最常見的一種癌癥,,同時(shí)也是第二大癌癥相關(guān)死亡誘因。根據(jù)美國癌癥協(xié)會(huì)的統(tǒng)計(jì),,約有六分之一的男性將可能罹患前列腺癌,,每三十六人中就有一個(gè)死于該疾病。癌癥協(xié)會(huì)推測今年美國將會(huì)有217,730個(gè)新前列腺癌病例,,將會(huì)有32,050人因此死亡,。
PSA血清值目前在美國被視為前列腺癌篩檢的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),不過,,雖然PSA篩檢已經(jīng)顯著增加了前列腺癌的偵測,,但仍有諸多缺點(diǎn),比如PSA值在良性的男性體內(nèi)也會(huì)升高,,前列腺惡性病灶的專一性較差,,因此需要其他專一性和敏感性較佳的檢測方法。
據(jù)EurekAlert報(bào)道,,這種新的尿液檢測應(yīng)用一種前列腺癌特異性的基因改變來檢測癌癥:一種2個(gè)基因:TMPRSS2與ERG的“融合”,。之前的研究工作顯示,TMPRSS2-ETS 基因融合存在于50%的PSA-篩檢過的罹患前列腺癌的男子中,。
在這篇文章中,,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)具有TMPRSS2-ERG高表達(dá)水平加上前列腺特異性抗原-3或稱PCA3的男性可能會(huì)罹患前列腺癌。這標(biāo)志了前列腺癌檢測技術(shù)的一個(gè)改進(jìn),,因?yàn)槟壳暗淖龇▋H僅是檢測血清中的PSA是否增加,。但是血清PSA會(huì)在許多非癌癥的情況下增高,從而導(dǎo)致誤診及不必要的活檢,。據(jù)稱美國每年有超過一百萬男子會(huì)做前列腺活檢,,其中大多數(shù)是因?yàn)槠溲錚SA濃度有所增加。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,在那些已知血清PSA濃度增加的男性中,,在活檢之前進(jìn)行TMPRSS2-ETS+ PC3尿液篩檢可顯著地改善對癌癥的預(yù)測。
研究人員利用這種新的尿液檢測來篩檢了1000多名男子,,并根據(jù)篩檢結(jié)果將這些男子分成具有不同癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的部類:最低風(fēng)險(xiǎn),、中度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及最高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等部類。隨后在最低風(fēng)險(xiǎn),、中度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和最高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)組中進(jìn)行的活檢所得到的癌癥診斷率分別為21%,、43%和69%。這些說明這一新方法是檢測前列腺癌高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的男性患者的一種精確分析方法。
Chinnaiyan教授研究組一直致力于改進(jìn)前列腺癌尿檢方法,,他們之前曾提出過一種檢測與前列腺擴(kuò)大或發(fā)炎有關(guān)的前列腺癌的方法,。這種方法檢測前列腺癌方式所提供的陽性預(yù)測值為79.8%,陰性預(yù)測值為60.8%,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3001970
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Urine TMPRSS2:ERG Fusion Transcript Stratifies Prostate Cancer Risk in Men with Elevated Serum PSA
Tomlins, Scott A.; Aubin, Sheila M. J.; Siddiqui, Javed; Lonigro, Robert J.; Sefton-Miller, Laurie; Miick, Siobhan; Williamsen, Sarah; Hodge, Petrea; Meinke, Jessica; Blase, Amy; Penabella, Yvonne; Day, John R.; Varambally, Radhika; Han, Bo; Wood, David; Wang, Lei; Sanda, Martin G.; Rubin, Mark A.; Rhodes, Daniel R.; Hollenbeck, Brent; Sakamoto, Kyoko; Silberstein, Jonathan L.; Fradet, Yves; Amberson, James B.; Meyers, Stephanie; Palanisamy, Nallasivam; Rittenhouse, Harry; Wei, John T.; Groskopf
More than 1,000,000 men undergo prostate biopsy each year in the United States, most for “elevated” serum prostate-specificantigen (PSA). Given the lack of specificity and unclear mortality benefit of PSA testing, methods to individualize managementof elevated PSA are needed. Greater than 50% of PSA-screened prostate cancers harbor fusions between the transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (avian) (ERG) genes. Here, we report a clinical-grade, transcription-mediated amplification assay to risk stratify and detect prostatecancer noninvasively in urine. The TMPRSS2:ERG fusion transcript was quantitatively measured in prospectively collected whole urine from 1312 men at multiple centers. UrineTMPRSS2:ERG was associated with indicators of clinically significant cancer at biopsy and prostatectomy, including tumor size, high Gleasonscore at prostatectomy, and upgrading of Gleason grade at prostatectomy. TMPRSS2:ERG, in combination with urine prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3), improved the performance of the multivariate Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator in predicting cancer on biopsy.In the biopsy cohorts, men in the highest and lowest of three TMPRSS2:ERG+PCA3 score groups had markedly different rates of cancer, clinically significant cancer by Epstein criteria, and high-grade canceron biopsy. Our results demonstrate that urine TMPRSS2:ERG, in combination with urine PCA3, enhances the utility of serum PSA for predicting prostate cancer risk and clinically relevant cancer on biopsy.