早期研究表明腫瘤患者通常都期望通過初期治療,，機(jī)體可以恢復(fù)正常的活動(dòng)。然而事實(shí)上,，腫瘤患者接受完治療后,，體力活動(dòng)已大不如從前如：疲勞感加重、生活質(zhì)量下降等,。
近日,，根據(jù)《英國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》刊登的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查"Physical activity for cancer survivors: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials"顯示，那些接受完初期腫瘤治療后,，積極參與體育鍛煉能夠提高他們的健康生活水平,。
香港大學(xué)研究人員開展的這項(xiàng)調(diào)查研究評(píng)估了鍛煉是如何影響癌癥患者健康水平的。實(shí)驗(yàn)共設(shè)成年癌癥患者試驗(yàn)組34組,，每組平均有93名人員參加,，這些人包括前列腺癌患者、乳腺癌患者、肺癌患者,、直腸癌患者,、婦科癌患者以及胃癌患者，參與者的平均年齡在55歲左右,。
在試驗(yàn)周期13周內(nèi),，各試驗(yàn)組癌癥患者需要參加抵抗力訓(xùn)練、力量訓(xùn)練以及需氧訓(xùn)練等,。研究人員觀察了接受治療的乳腺癌患者,，在參加身體鍛煉后身體的健康指數(shù)，結(jié)果乳腺癌患者的體重,、血糖值,、下肢力量等生活質(zhì)量指數(shù)都有所提高。而其他類型腫瘤患者在耗氧量,、身體健康指數(shù),、體重、握力以及生活質(zhì)量方面均有提高,。
此外,，鍛煉強(qiáng)度的變更以及身體運(yùn)動(dòng)活動(dòng)的種類也影響了癌癥患者的健康程度，這些因素在影響鍛煉對(duì)癌癥患者效果上起著至關(guān)重要的作用,。研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)比起單純的有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)而言,，提高抵抗力的運(yùn)動(dòng)和有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)在影響乳腺癌患者的情緒以及身體健康方面影響很大，兩者結(jié)合對(duì)乳腺癌患者和整體健康水平更有效,。
另外,，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)參加鍛煉所帶來的效果對(duì)于年輕的受試者更加顯著明顯。但是因?yàn)檫@些結(jié)果會(huì)在后期的研究中有變化,，因此研究結(jié)果并不是決定性的,。
研究者也表示進(jìn)行額外的試驗(yàn)是必須的，尤其是要考察必要的活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度對(duì)其他類型癌癥患者的影響,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1136/bmj.e70
PMC:
PMID:
Physical activity for cancer survivors: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Daniel Y T Fong, assistant professor1,Judy W C Ho, consultant surgeon2,Bryant P H Hui, research assistant3,Antoinette M Lee, assistant professor4,Duncan J Macfarlane, associate professor5,Sharron S K Leung, assistant professor1,Ester Cerin, associate professor5,et al.
Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of physical activity in adult patients after completion of main treatment related to cancer.
Design Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with data extraction and quality assessment performed independently by two researchers.
Data sources Pubmed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar from the earliest possible year to September 2011. References from meta-analyses and reviews.
Study selection Randomised controlled trials that assessed the effects of physical activity in adults who had completed their main cancer treatment, except hormonal treatment.
Results There were 34 randomised controlled trials, of which 22 (65%) focused on patients with breast cancer, and 48 outcomes in our meta-analysis. Twenty two studies assessed aerobic exercise, and four also included resistance or strength training. The median duration of physical activity was 13 weeks (range 3-60 weeks). Most control groups were considered sedentary or were assigned no exercise. Based on studies on patients with breast cancer, physical activity was associated with improvements in insulin-like growth factor-I, bench press, leg press, fatigue, depression, and quality of life. When we combined studies on different types of cancer, we found significant improvements in body mass index (BMI), body weight, peak oxygen consumption, peak power output, distance walked in six minutes, right handgrip strength, and quality of life. Sources of study heterogeneity included age, study quality, study size, and type and duration of physical activity. Publication bias did not alter our conclusions.
Conclusions Physical activity has positive effects on physiology, body composition, physical functions, psychological outcomes, and quality of life in patients after treatment for breast cancer. When patients with cancer other than breast cancer were also included, physical activity was associated with reduced BMI and body weight, increased peak oxygen consumption and peak power output, and improved quality of life.
