遺傳機(jī)制在癌癥的發(fā)展和進(jìn)程中扮演著至關(guān)重要的作用,,但是特定遺傳突變引發(fā)的某種癌癥的分子機(jī)制目前并不清楚,,進(jìn)一步說,,任何癌癥和名為拷貝數(shù)突變(CNVs)的遺傳突變沒有關(guān)系,。如今,,刊登在國(guó)際雜志The American Journal of Human Genetics 上的一篇文章揭示了CNVs和睪丸癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)直接相關(guān),,CNVs和乳腺癌及結(jié)腸癌卻沒有關(guān)聯(lián),。
一些癌癥,諸如乳腺癌或者結(jié)腸癌是由上一代的突變所遺傳而來而引發(fā)的,。然而大多數(shù)癌癥,,包括睪丸癌,,確實(shí)單個(gè)發(fā)生的(散發(fā)的),睪丸癌并不因家族遺傳而增加其發(fā)病率,,許多睪丸癌是由于精子細(xì)胞中的遺傳突變所引起,,科學(xué)家將這種突變稱之為de novo突變。
為了揭示de novo突變和癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的相關(guān)性,,研究者Kenneth和其同事尋找到了CNVs,,CNVs是一個(gè)或者一個(gè)片段DNA的復(fù)制或者剔除,研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)在睪丸癌患者中這種CNVs數(shù)量有明顯的提高,。盡管這種CNVs和孤獨(dú)癥及心虛管疾病有關(guān),,此前并無報(bào)道說CNVs和癌癥相關(guān)。
研究者表示,,這種de novo的改變或許是某種情況的指示劑,,可以降低生育率。盡管現(xiàn)在的療法手段可以使得90%的睪丸癌患者生存時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)以及提高其生育率,,但是這種遺留下來的情況可以影響無后代的男性,。研究者指出,這種de novo種系的疾病病因?qū)W的范疇或許并不適用于遲發(fā)的癌癥患者中,。這就可以部分解釋研究者在成人開始發(fā)現(xiàn)乳腺癌和結(jié)腸癌病人中低頻率de novo的事件了,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
編譯自:Genetic Copy-Number Variants and Cancer Risk
doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.06.019
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PMID:
Rare De Novo Germline Copy-Number Variation in Testicular Cancer
Zsofia K. Stadler1, 7, Diane Esposito2, 7, Sohela Shah3, 7, Joseph Vijai1, 7, Boris Yamrom2, 7, Dan Levy2, Yoon-ha Lee2, Jude Kendall2, Anthony Leotta2, Michael Ronemus2, Nichole Hansen1, Kara Sarrel1, Rohini Rau-Murthy1, Kasmintan Schrader3, Noah Kauff1, Robert J. Klein3, Steven M. Lipkin4, Rajmohan Murali5, Mark Robson1, Joel Sheinfeld6, Darren Feldman1, George Bosl1, Larry Norton1, Michael Wigler2 and Kenneth Offit1, 3, ,
Although heritable factors are an important determinant of risk of early-onset cancer, the majority of these malignancies appear to occur sporadically without identifiable risk factors. Germline de novo copy-number variations (CNVs) have been observed in sporadic neurocognitive and cardiovascular disorders. We explored this mechanism in 382 genomes of 116 early-onset cancer case-parent trios and unaffected siblings. Unique de novo germline CNVs were not observed in 107 breast or colon cancer trios or controls but were indeed found in 7% of 43 testicular germ cell tumor trios; this percentage exceeds background CNV rates and suggests a rare de novo genetic paradigm for susceptibility to some human malignancies.