生物谷綜合：來自中國科學(xué)院動物研究所,，中國華東師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,，清華大學(xué)，廣東昆蟲研究所,，英國布里斯托大學(xué)（University of Bristol）等處的研究人員確定了一個哺乳動物綱翼手目（蝙蝠）新種,，并將其命名為北京寬耳蝠（Barbastella beijingensis）。該成果發(fā)表在近日出版的《哺乳動物學(xué)雜志》（Journal of Mammalogy）上,。
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這一研究的是中國華東師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院教授張樹義,，第一作者是中國科學(xué)院動物研究所博士研究生張勁碩，參與研究還有韓乃堅等人,。
寬耳蝠是翼手目蝙蝠科中一個很小的屬,，以前被認為只有兩個種，即歐洲寬耳蝠和亞洲寬耳蝠,。張樹義帶領(lǐng)的研究團隊通過Cytb和ND1基因的比較,，發(fā)現(xiàn)分布在北京西南郊區(qū)的寬耳蝠與另兩種寬耳蝠都達到了不同種的水平。形態(tài)學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：北京寬耳蝠比另外兩種寬耳蝠體型大,；耳朵外緣的耳突呈拱形突起,，而歐洲寬耳蝠的耳突呈紐扣狀，亞洲寬耳蝠則沒有耳突,；牙齒方面,，北京寬耳蝠上齒列的第二前臼齒幾乎與其第一臼齒等大、甚至稍寬,，比歐洲和亞洲寬耳蝠的第二前臼齒要大且強壯,；回聲定位叫聲方面，北京寬耳蝠的超聲波主頻比其他兩種略低,。經(jīng)過分子生物學(xué),、形態(tài)學(xué)和聲學(xué)的綜合比較，他們證實北京寬耳蝠為一個獨立的新種,。
據(jù)初步統(tǒng)計,，中國人迄今為止命名并得到國際承認的哺乳動物只有十余種，而其中部分種類目前還存在爭議,。在發(fā)現(xiàn)和命名北京寬耳蝠之前,，在全世界被發(fā)現(xiàn)的1100多種蝙蝠中，還沒有中國人命名的種類,。
張樹義帶領(lǐng)的研究團隊近十年來致力于蝙蝠的研究,，在全國范圍內(nèi)廣泛考察了蝙蝠的種類和分布。迄今為止,，他們僅在北京房山區(qū)的洞穴和隧道內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)北京寬耳蝠,，有北京寬耳蝠存在的洞穴數(shù)量很少,，即便有通常也只是一群，而每一群只有三五只,。因此,，他們估計北京寬耳蝠的種群數(shù)量十分稀少。他們建議北京市政府能為北京寬耳蝠,，以及前幾年在此發(fā)現(xiàn)的食魚蝙蝠——大足鼠耳蝠成立一個自然保護區(qū),，以保護珍稀瀕危蝙蝠及其棲息地，特別是將有該物種分布的洞穴保護起來,。
原始出處:
Journal of Mammalogy
Article: pp. 1393–1403 | Full Text | PDF (5.00M)
A NEW SPECIES OF BARBASTELLA (CHIROPTERA: VESPERTILIONIDAE) FROM NORTH CHINA
Jin-Shuo Zhang1, Nai-Jian Han1, Gareth Jones2, Liang-Kong Lin3, Jun-Peng Zhang1, Guan-Jian Zhu4, Da-Wei Huang1, and Shu-Yi Zhang5
1. Institute of Zoology, and Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China (J-SZ, N-JH, J-PZ, D-WH), 2. School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom (GJ), 3. Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, China (L-KL), 4. Guangdong Entomological Institute, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China (G-JZ), 5. School of Life Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China (S-YZ)
A new species of Barbastella is described, originally discovered in 2001 in Beijing, northern China. The description of the new species is based on both morphological and molecular data. The morphology of the skull and ears of the new bat is more similar to that of the Egyptian barbastelle (B. leucomelas) and B. barbastellus distributed in Europe than to B. leucomelas found in southern China and Taiwan. Projections and notches occur along the posterior margin of each ear, and a small lobe (vaulted process) protrudes from the middle outer edge of each pinna. The skull and body size of the new species are larger than in B. leucomelas. Echolocation calls were of 2 types, a brief frequency-modulated call that was alternated with longer calls with a convex frequency–time course. The calls were very similar to those of B. barbastellus recorded in Europe, although they may be slightly lower in frequency. Molecular phylogenies were reconstructed from cytochrome-b (Cytb) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene sequences. Cladograms of ND1 indicated that barbastelles from the Beijing area form a monophyletic group, which is the sister to B. leucomelas from Egypt. The clade including the new species and Egyptian barbastelle clusters with B. barbastellus, but not with B. leucomelas from Sichuan, Taiwan, and Japan. The genetic distances (corrected Kimura 2-parameter) between Barbastella sp. nov. and most bats from other localities (including all B. barbastellus) were 14.31–17.69% at the ND1 gene and 15.01–17.36% at the Cytb gene. However, ND1 divergence is 12.79% between Barbastella sp. nov. and B. leucomelas from Egypt. All these results support the hypothesis that the barbastelle from Beijing is a new species. Additionally, because Egypt is the type locality of B. leucomelas, the paraphyletic nature of B. leucomelas suggests that barbastelles from Sichuan, Taiwan, and Japan—which are currently classified as B. leucomelas darjelingensis—should not be considered conspecific with B. leucomelas.
Keywords: Barbastella, China, molecular phylogeny, morphology, new species
Submitted: 16 April 2007; Accepted: 6 August 2007
DOI: 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-114R2.1
Journal of Mammalogy 2007;88:1393–1403
