經(jīng)過近三年的努力，林旭研究組利用中科院營(yíng)養(yǎng)與代謝重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室分析檢測(cè)平臺(tái)對(duì)3200多名參加“中國(guó)老齡人口營(yíng)養(yǎng)健康狀況研究”的京滬城鄉(xiāng)居民的紅細(xì)胞膜脂肪酸進(jìn)行了檢測(cè),，建立了包括28種飽和,、不飽和（單不飽和,，多不飽和）和反式脂肪酸在內(nèi)的亞洲最大的脂肪酸數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),，并在n-3脂肪酸,、反式脂肪酸與代謝性疾病關(guān)聯(lián)研究方面取得重要進(jìn)展。
有關(guān)脂肪酸與疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的研究目前大多采用膳食問卷方法,，因而在很大程度上受到回憶偏倚,、營(yíng)養(yǎng)素含量評(píng)估誤差,、以及不同國(guó)家地區(qū)食物成分表是否完整等因素的影響。紅細(xì)胞膜由于具有較長(zhǎng)的半衰期,，與血漿脂肪酸相比能更好地反映機(jī)體中長(zhǎng)期脂肪酸攝入狀況，尤其是人體不能合成的必需脂肪酸如亞油酸,、α-亞麻酸等,。目前通過運(yùn)用高通量?jī)x器檢測(cè)營(yíng)養(yǎng)素生物標(biāo)記物是國(guó)際上的研究熱點(diǎn)。在最近數(shù)十年中,，我國(guó)經(jīng)歷著快速的營(yíng)養(yǎng)和流行病學(xué)的轉(zhuǎn)型,，居民膳食結(jié)構(gòu)改變的主要特征為高脂和動(dòng)物性食物顯著增加。膳食結(jié)構(gòu)的變化不僅會(huì)改變營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的攝入總量,，而且會(huì)改變其種類和比例,。越來越多的數(shù)據(jù)表明，增加魚類,、魚油和長(zhǎng)鏈n-3脂肪酸[二十碳五烯酸（Eicosapentaenoic acid,， EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（Docosahexaenoic acid，DHA）的攝入對(duì)心血管疾病發(fā)病具有保護(hù)作用,，但其與代謝綜合征和2型糖尿病方面的研究相對(duì)較少,，結(jié)論也不一致。與此同時(shí),，反式脂肪酸,，尤其是工業(yè)氫化植物油來源的反式脂肪酸對(duì)心血管疾病的危害已被多個(gè)研究證實(shí)，但與2型糖尿病相關(guān)的研究非常缺乏,。尤其是來源于反芻動(dòng)物制品的天然反式脂肪酸與慢性代謝性疾病的關(guān)系尚存爭(zhēng)議,。
在紅細(xì)胞膜n-3脂肪酸的研究中，林旭研究組的博士生張賡等人發(fā)現(xiàn)：我國(guó)南,、北方居民的n-3多不飽和脂肪酸含量存在著顯著的地區(qū)差異,；南方高于北方；與最低組相比,，DHA含量在最高四分位的個(gè)體罹患代謝綜合征的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了25%,。而EPA與代謝綜合征之間并沒有顯著相關(guān)性。該研究相關(guān)成果已經(jīng)發(fā)表在國(guó)際臨床內(nèi)分泌知名雜志Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism,。
在紅細(xì)胞膜反式脂肪酸的研究中,，林旭研究組的博士生俞丹霞等人發(fā)現(xiàn)：中國(guó)中老年人群的反式脂肪酸含量較歐美人群低70-80%；而且其主要的反式18:1脂肪酸與膳食奶制品攝入量顯著相關(guān),；隨著反式18:1脂肪酸的增加,，罹患代謝綜合征及2型糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相應(yīng)降低；而反式18:2脂肪酸卻與高甘油三酯血癥,、高膽固醇血癥等血脂異常風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈正相關(guān),。該研究結(jié)果已于近日在國(guó)際糖尿病知名雜志Diabetologia上在線發(fā)表,。
上述研究在我國(guó)居民不同脂肪酸與代謝性疾病關(guān)系方面提供了重要的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)，同時(shí)也為代謝性疾病預(yù)防和干預(yù)提供了新的思路和線索,。目前,，林旭研究組正在對(duì)其它種類的脂肪酸與慢性代謝性疾病的關(guān)系，以及基因變異對(duì)脂肪酸代謝的影響進(jìn)行更加深入的研究,。
該項(xiàng)目獲得了中科院知識(shí)創(chuàng)新工程重大項(xiàng)目,，中科院上海生科院首席科學(xué)家項(xiàng)目，國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金和以及科技部973項(xiàng)目的資助,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2674-2
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ArticleErythrocyte trans-fatty acids, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged and older Chinese individuals
D. X. Yu, Q. Sun, X. W. Ye, A. Pan, G. Zong, Y. H. Zhou, H. X. Li, F. B. Hu and X. Lin
Aims/hypothesis Few data are available about intakes and food sources of trans-fatty acids (TFAs) or their associations with cardiometabolic outcomes in Asian people who consume a prudent diet but are experiencing rapid nutritional transitions. We aimed to investigate the relationships between TFA biomarkers and type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese individuals. Methods Erythrocyte fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography among 3,107 men and women (50–70 years) recruited from urban and rural areas in Beijing and Shanghai, China. Results Total trans-18:1 and two trans-18:2 isomers were detected and accounted for 0.37% of the total fatty acids in the erythrocytes. Concentrations of TFAs were higher in women than men, and in urban than rural residents. Of the TFAs, trans-18:1, but not trans-18:2, showed a modest association with dairy consumption (β?=?0.27), but not with other foods. After adjustment for BMI, social-demographic, lifestyle and dietary factors and other TFAs, erythrocyte trans-18:1 was shown to be associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (OR comparing extreme [first and fourth] quartiles 0.68, 95% CI 0.48, 0.97, p trend?=?0.02), as well as 20–50% lower odds of central obesity, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. In contrast, trans-18:2 fatty acids were positively associated with high triacylglycerol (p trend?<?0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (p trend?=?0.03) levels, but not with diabetes and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Conclusions/interpretation Among middle-aged and older Chinese individuals with overall low erythrocyte TFAs levels, trans-18:1 might serve as a marker of dairy intake. Higher trans-18:1 levels were associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas higher trans-18:2 levels were associated with dyslipidaemia.
