美國(guó)知名雜志《公共科學(xué)圖書(shū)館·綜合》（PLoS ONE）1月20日在線發(fā)表了上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)遺傳學(xué)教研室張海國(guó)副教授領(lǐng)銜的《中國(guó)全民族膚紋分布格局》研究論文,。作者證實(shí)了中華56個(gè)民族的膚紋特征表現(xiàn)出很強(qiáng)的民族雜合性,、各少數(shù)民族互相間的膚紋基因有淵源且影響至今：中華民族自古就是一家人！
此項(xiàng)研究自1978年起進(jìn)行，前后經(jīng)過(guò)了30年不懈努力,。論文署名共有海內(nèi)外11個(gè)單位的15位專(zhuān)家，是團(tuán)隊(duì)的作品，集體的成果。研究者采集了56個(gè)民族的156個(gè)模式樣本,、含6萬(wàn)8千多人的數(shù)百萬(wàn)數(shù)據(jù)。
民族膚紋學(xué)是以民族群體為對(duì)象,、以認(rèn)定族群淵源關(guān)系為目標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)研究科目,。膚紋是古老民族的標(biāo)志和印記，通過(guò)研究,，可追蹤民族的起源及其遷徙路線,。膚紋在個(gè)人是各不相同、終身穩(wěn)定,，在民族群體間是有很大差異,。同一民族群體的膚紋相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。膚紋可以作為甄別,、尋根和溯源的遺傳標(biāo)記物,，對(duì)人類(lèi)學(xué)、民族學(xué),、遺傳學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)的研究有著重要的意義,。
有資料表明，現(xiàn)代人類(lèi)源于10萬(wàn)年的非洲,，約3至5萬(wàn)年前其中一支祖先在亞洲東南部生活，而后向亞洲北部遷徙,，約5000多年前在我國(guó)中原地區(qū)繁衍成華夏民族,。張海國(guó)等研究人員應(yīng)用膚紋聚類(lèi)分析統(tǒng)計(jì)法，將中華56個(gè)民族梳理成南方和北方兩大民族群,，找到了民族膚紋的標(biāo)志性群體,，也明確了民族主支和支系的關(guān)系等。在作樣本分析中他們發(fā)現(xiàn),，華夏民族的古老遺傳密碼在我們現(xiàn)代人膚紋上依然有著鮮明的印記,。通過(guò)分析和比對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，漢族的膚紋特征表現(xiàn)了很強(qiáng)的民族雜合性,，是華夏民族集合的后代,。換句話說(shuō),，數(shù)千年來(lái)，漢族是在與各少數(shù)民族的融合中繁衍生息,，而少數(shù)民族也在繁衍中與漢族進(jìn)一步地融合和發(fā)展,，由此證明中華民族是多元的、又是一體的：中華各民族自古以來(lái)就是一家人,！
此項(xiàng)研究樣本清晰表明,，藏族的族源與古羌族等民族有關(guān)，其膚紋表現(xiàn)出鮮明的中華北方群特征,，由此證實(shí)藏族源于我國(guó)北方民族,，而并非所謂的“南來(lái)（印度）之民族”。此外,，臺(tái)灣高山族（原住民）的2個(gè)樣本分別是人數(shù)最多的“阿美人”樣本和數(shù)量很少的“噶瑪蘭人”樣本,。經(jīng)過(guò)聚類(lèi)分析，臺(tái)灣原住民樣本都聚類(lèi)在北方群內(nèi),，與早些年所謂“原住民源于南洋”的結(jié)論不同,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
PLoS ONE 5(1): e8783. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008783
Dermatoglyphics from All Chinese Ethnic Groups Reveal Geographic Patterning
Hai-Guo Zhang1#*, Yao-Fong Chen2#, Ming Ding3#, Li Jin4, D. Troy Case5, Yun-Ping Jiao3, Xian-Ping Wang6, Chong-Xian Bai7, Gang Jin8, Jiang-Ming Yang9, Han Wang9, Jian-Bing Yuan10, Wei Huang11, Zhu-Gang Wang1, Ren-Biao Chen1
1 Department of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 2 Institute of Human Development, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, China, 3 Yunnan Research Institute of Family Planning, Kunming, China, 4 MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 5 Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America, 6 The People's Hospital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, 7 Health Training School of Cadres, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan, China, 8 The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 9 Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xining, Qinghai, China, 10 Wulumuqi Epidemic Prevention Station, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 11 Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
Completion of a survey of dermatoglyphic variables for all ethnic groups in an ethnically diverse country like China is a huge research project, and an achievement that anthropological and dermatoglyphic scholars in the country could once only dream of. However, through the endeavors of scientists in China over the last 30 years, the dream has become reality. This paper reports the results of a comprehensive analysis of dermatoglyphics from all ethnic groups in China. Using cluster analysis and principal component analysis of dermatoglyphics, it has been found that Chinese populations can be generally divided into a southern group and a northern group. Furthermore, there has been considerable debate about the origins of many Chinese populations and about proper assignment of these peoples to larger ethnic groups. In this paper, we suggest that dermatoglyphic data can inform these debates by helping to classify a Chinese population as a northern or southern group, using selected reference populations and quantitative methods. This study is the first to assemble and investigate dermatoglyphics from all 56 Chinese ethnic groups. It is fortunate that data on population dermatoglyphics, a field of physical anthropology, have now been collected for all 56 Chinese ethnic groups, because intermarriage between individuals from different Chinese ethnic groups occurs more frequently in recent times, making population dermatoglyphic research an ever more challenging field of inquiry.
