4月9日,,分子細胞蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)雜志Molecular & Cellular Proteomics在線發(fā)表了中科院生物物理研究所劉平生研究組的成果,,首次純化了線蟲脂滴并完成了蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)研究,確定了線蟲脂滴的標(biāo)記蛋白,。
脂滴是生物體內(nèi)脂質(zhì)存儲的主要場所,,從原核生物細菌到高等動物人都有脂滴的存在。脂代謝的異常會導(dǎo)致動脈粥樣硬化和糖尿病在內(nèi)的多種代謝類疾病,。由于與高等動物基因的高度同源性以及操作手段的多樣性,,線蟲已經(jīng)成為研究脂代謝的重要模式生物。但是,,線蟲不表達perilipin家族蛋白,,因而,線蟲中性脂的存儲形式以及檢測手段一直都存在爭議,。
2003年,,Gary Ruvkun實驗室在Nature發(fā)表文章,,采用尼羅紅染料標(biāo)記了線蟲脂滴,這項手段被廣泛采用,。然而,,2009年Gary Ruvkun實驗室又在Cell Metabolism指出,尼羅紅并不是真正線蟲脂滴染色,,而染的是溶酶體相關(guān)細胞器(LRO),。同年,Nature的一篇題為C. elegans fat stores: Misled by Nile red的文章專門報道了這個問題,。2003年至2009年的6年時間,,采用尼羅紅染料標(biāo)記線蟲脂滴方法研究的相關(guān)基因達400多個,這些文章普遍遭到質(zhì)疑,。
劉平生課題組利用生化手段純化了線蟲脂滴,,通過質(zhì)譜的方法找到了線蟲脂滴的主要蛋白DHS-3,制備了抗體,,用免疫印跡手段揭示DHS-3幾乎只存在于脂滴組分,。體內(nèi)和體外GFP融合蛋白實驗都進一步將DHS-3定位在脂滴上。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)能夠為線蟲脂滴的研究提供重要標(biāo)記,,將極大地推動線蟲脂質(zhì)代謝的研究,。
本研究由劉平生研究組和首都師范大學(xué)張紹兵研究組合作完成。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1074/mcp.M111.016345
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Proteomic study and marker protein identification of caenorhabditis elegans lipid droplets
Peng Zhang1, Huimin Na1, Zhenglong Liu1, Shuyan Zhang1, Peng Xue1, Yong Chen1, Jing Pu1, Gong Peng1, Xun Huang1, Fuquan Yang1, Zhensheng Xie1, Tao Xu1, Pingyong Xu1, Guangshuo Ou1, Shaobing O. Zhang2 and Pingsheng Liu1
Lipid droplets (LDs) are a neutral lipid storage organelle that is conserved across almost all species. Many metabolic syndromes are directly linked to the over-storage of neutral lipids in LDs. The study of LDs in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been difficult since the lack of specific LD marker proteins. Here we report the purification and proteomic analysis of C. elegans lipid droplets for the first time. We identified 430 proteins, 36.7% of these proteins were previously known to be LD-proteins, suggesting a similarity between mammalian and C. elegans LDs. Using morphological and biochemical analyses, we show that short-chain dehydrogenases, DHS-3 is almost exclusively localized on C. elegans LDs, indicating that it can be used as a LD marker protein in C. elegans. These results will facilitate further mechanistic studies of LDs in this powerful genetic system, C. elegans.