據(jù)美國生活科學(xué)網(wǎng)報道,科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)一種人一般大的石斑魚遨游在東太平洋的熱帶水域,,以章魚和螃蟹為生,經(jīng)基因檢測分析,,這種巨型魚被確定為新品種,。
科學(xué)家給它起綽號為“巨人石斑魚”,它可以長到1.8米長,重達454公斤,。在此之前,,科學(xué)家一直將這種魚和生活在大西洋的具有同樣模樣的伊氏石斑魚(Epinephelus itajara)攪和在一起,因為后者也叫“巨人石斑魚”,。
負責(zé)此項研究的夏威夷海洋生物學(xué)院的研究人員馬太·克雷格說:“1個多世紀(jì)以來,,魚類學(xué)家認為太平洋和大西洋的巨人石斑魚是同一品種,但通過基因技術(shù)發(fā)現(xiàn)了它們之間的差異,。”
大約350萬年前,,也就是在加勒比海和太平洋被現(xiàn)今的巴拿馬分開之前,它們確實是同一品種,。但經(jīng)過數(shù)百萬年的進化,,而今基因檢測已經(jīng)揭示這二種魚具有截然不同的基因,表明它們的海洋家園被中美洲分開之后,,它們可能進化成了二種獨特的物種,。
科學(xué)家對物種的定義看法不一,一些人認為物種是能彼此生育并能產(chǎn)生可生育后代的一個動物群體,,然而此生物學(xué)定義并不總是正確的,,比如,山狗和狼交配就能生下有生育能力的后代,。在此新研究中,,科學(xué)家根據(jù)這些魚的基因排序的不同來確定它們是不同的品種。如今此新太平洋物種被正式取名為“Epinephelus quinquefasciatus”,,此新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)表在最新出版的《瀕危物種研究》雜志上,。
此大西洋的變種――伊氏石斑魚如今已經(jīng)被國際自然與自然資源保護聯(lián)合會(IUCN)列為最瀕危物種。由于數(shù)量特別稀少,,“Epinephelus quinquefasciatus”也被認為是最瀕危的物種,。
紐約野生動物資源保護協(xié)會的研究人員雷切爾·格雷厄姆說:“按照我們的新發(fā)現(xiàn),太平洋巨人石斑魚應(yīng)該采取不同的管理和保護措施,。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Endangered Species Research,,August 13, 2008,M. T. Craig, D. R. Robertson
How many species of goliath grouper are there? Cryptic genetic divergence in a threatened marine fish and the resurrection of a geopolitical species
ABSTRACT: The goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara (Epinephelidae) is an exceptionally large marine fish that inhabits sub-tropical and tropical waters of the Americas and western Africa. Due to a lack of readily observable morphological variation in specimens across its range, the goliath grouper has been regarded as a single species. We tested the hypothesis that Pacific and West Atlantic populations constitute a single species by analyzing nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. We found numerous fixed genetic differences for mitochondrial loci between Pacific and West Atlantic goliath grouper (genetic distance D ≈ 3.5% at 16S and D ≈ 6% at cytochrome b; ϕst = 0.98 [p < 0.001] for 16S and ϕst = 0.98 [p < 0.001] for cytochrome b). The nuclear S7 intron showed 3 fixed nucleotide differences between Pacific and West Atlantic populations. Within the West Atlantic, we found few absolute genetic differences (D < 0.01 at 16S and D < 0.02 at cytochrome b), but statistically significant population structure based on haplotype frequency data (ϕst = 0.04 [p = 0.05] at 16S; ϕst = 0.14 [p < 0.001] at cytochrome b). These data indicate that (1) goliath grouper in the West Atlantic are subdivided into discrete populations, (2) goliath grouper populations in the Pacific and western Atlantic represent 2 (or more) distinct species, and (3) these distinct populations/species require separate management and conservation strategies. We resurrect the species Epinephelus quinquefasciatus Bocourt 1868 for Pacific goliath grouper.