英國(guó)《新科學(xué)家》周刊9月1日一期發(fā)表文章,題目是“農(nóng)作物有耳朵,,要想豐收就喊吧”,,文章摘要如下。
植物聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)嗎,?它們對(duì)光有反應(yīng),,光影響著它們?nèi)绾巫钣行У厣L(zhǎng)和生存。植物也有觸覺(jué),,刮風(fēng)時(shí)會(huì)變硬,。它們對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)有“味覺(jué)”。但是,,它們對(duì)聲音如何反應(yīng)卻是個(gè)謎,。
現(xiàn)在,韓國(guó)水原市農(nóng)業(yè)生物技術(shù)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家查出,,水稻的兩種基因?qū)β暡ㄓ蟹磻?yīng),。他們還說(shuō),一種聲音敏感基因的啟動(dòng)子可以接在其他基因上,,使這些基因也對(duì)聲音做出反應(yīng),。
這項(xiàng)研究成果出臺(tái)之前存在大量類(lèi)似但未經(jīng)證實(shí)的說(shuō)法。如果韓國(guó)研究人員是對(duì)的,,他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)就可以使農(nóng)民通過(guò)向田里播放高音喇叭來(lái)關(guān)閉或打開(kāi)特定的作物基因,,比如開(kāi)花基因。這或許比原來(lái)提出的其他技術(shù)(例如用化學(xué)物質(zhì)激活基因)便宜,,也環(huán)保,。
韓國(guó)研究人員讓水稻植株“聽(tīng)聲音”,同時(shí)觀察其基因活動(dòng)水平,,這樣才發(fā)現(xiàn)聲音反應(yīng)基因,。起初,他們給植株播放14首古典作品,,包括貝多芬的《月光奏鳴曲》,,同時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)各種基因表現(xiàn)的區(qū)別。但是,,他們發(fā)現(xiàn),,植株只在播放特定頻率的聲音時(shí)才有反應(yīng)。
基因rbcS和Ald在125赫茲和250赫茲的聲波下較為活躍,,對(duì)50赫茲的聲波反應(yīng)不太活躍,。人們知道,這兩種基因都對(duì)光有反應(yīng),研究人員又在黑暗中重復(fù)這項(xiàng)試驗(yàn),。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),,兩種基因仍然對(duì)聲音有反應(yīng)。他們?cè)凇斗肿佑N》雜志上撰文稱(chēng):“這些結(jié)果表明,,聲音可能是代替光線的另一種基因調(diào)節(jié)器,。”
研究人員還想看看Ald基因的啟動(dòng)子能否自己對(duì)聲音發(fā)生反應(yīng)。他們把啟動(dòng)子接在β葡糖苷酸酶上,,把結(jié)合體注入水稻基因組,。讓這些水稻接觸不同頻率的聲音,他們就能控制β葡糖苷酸酶的表現(xiàn),,而后者原本對(duì)聲音沒(méi)有反應(yīng),。也就是說(shuō),Ald啟動(dòng)子基因?qū)β曇裘舾?,可?ldquo;貼”在任何基因上,,使后者也對(duì)聲音敏感。(新華網(wǎng))
原始出處:
New Scientist
Plant genes switched on by sound waves
30 August 2007 Andy Coghlan Magazine issue 2619
CAN plants hear? They all respond to light, which affects how they optimise growth and survival. Plants also have a sense of touch, allowing them to stiffen in response to wind, and a "taste" for nutrients. But whether they respond to sound is a mystery.
Now Mi-Jeong Jeong of the National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology in Suwon, South Korea, and colleagues claim to have identified two genes in rice that respond to sound waves. They also say that the promoter of one of the sound-sensitive genes could be attached to other genes to make them respond to sound too.
The findings follow a host of similar, but unsubstantiated, claims that plants respond to sound. If the researchers are correct, they say their discovery could enable farmers to switch specific crop genes on and off, such as ones for flowering, by blasting sound into the fields. That might be cheaper ...