一個(gè)國(guó)際研究小組宣布,,在對(duì)人體基因組的50多萬(wàn)個(gè)遺傳變異進(jìn)行分析后,,他們首次確認(rèn)了與人體生物衰老過(guò)程有關(guān)的遺傳變異。這些變異位于一個(gè)名為TERC的基因附近,,這一發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于人類理解癌癥及其他與衰老相關(guān)的疾病具有重大意義,。
這項(xiàng)于2月7日發(fā)表在《自然遺傳學(xué)》雜志網(wǎng)絡(luò)版上的最新研究是由英國(guó)維康信托基金會(huì)和英國(guó)心臟病基金會(huì)資助,,英國(guó)萊斯特大學(xué)、倫敦國(guó)王學(xué)院以及荷蘭格羅寧根大學(xué)的研究人員共同參與進(jìn)行的,。
該研究項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人之一,、萊斯特大學(xué)心血管科學(xué)系教授奈爾什·薩馬尼解釋說(shuō),衰老分為兩種,,一種是時(shí)間性衰老,,也就是以年齡來(lái)確定衰老程度;另一種是生物衰老,,也就是從細(xì)胞代謝的角度來(lái)看待衰老,,在這種情況下,有些個(gè)體的細(xì)胞同其實(shí)際年齡相比要更老或更年輕?,F(xiàn)在,,越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明,包括心臟病和部分癌癥在內(nèi)的一些與年齡相關(guān)的疾病,,其實(shí)與人的生物衰老關(guān)系更加密切,。
研究人員對(duì)染色體末端名為端粒的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了研究。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),,那些攜帶有特定遺傳變異的個(gè)體,,其端粒的長(zhǎng)度相對(duì)較短,也就是說(shuō),,從生物學(xué)特征上看這些個(gè)體更老一些??紤]到端粒的長(zhǎng)度同與年齡相關(guān)的疾病之間的聯(lián)系,,研究人員認(rèn)為,攜帶這些特定遺傳變異的個(gè)體罹患此類疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也更大,。
每個(gè)人在出生時(shí),,端粒都有一定的長(zhǎng)度,但隨著細(xì)胞的分裂和老化,,端粒就會(huì)逐漸縮短,,直至短得不能再短時(shí),細(xì)胞便不再分裂而死亡,,端粒也因此被視為機(jī)體生物衰老的重要標(biāo)記,。
倫敦國(guó)王學(xué)院的教授蒂姆·斯派克特補(bǔ)充說(shuō),這些特定的遺傳變異位于TERC基因附近,,而此前的研究已表明,,TERC基因在維持端粒的長(zhǎng)度方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。這一最新成果顯示,,有些人從遺傳上就被決定了會(huì)以一個(gè)相對(duì)較快的速度衰老下去,。攜帶這一遺傳變異的人,,由于染色體端粒長(zhǎng)度短于同齡人,大致可提前“生物衰老”3年至4年,。如果再出現(xiàn)對(duì)染色體端粒保持長(zhǎng)度不利的后天因素,,如吸煙、肥胖和缺乏鍛煉等,,則會(huì)進(jìn)一步加快他們的生物衰老進(jìn)程,,同時(shí)也更容易造成其罹患多種老年性疾病。(生物谷Bioon.com)
童坦君院士,、譚錚研究員:端粒研究方興未艾
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Nature Genetics 7 February 2010 | doi:10.1038/ng.532
Common variants near TERC are associated with mean telomere length
Veryan Codd1,10, Massimo Mangino2,10, Pim van der Harst1,3,10, Peter S Braund1, Michael Kaiser1, Alan J Beveridge1, Suzanne Rafelt1, Jasbir Moore1, Chris Nelson1, Nicole Soranzo2,4, Guangju Zhai2, Ana M Valdes2, Hannah Blackburn4, Irene Mateo Leach3, Rudolf A de Boer3, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium9, Alison H Goodall1, Willem Ouwehand5, Dirk J van Veldhuisen3, Wiek H van Gilst3, Gerjan Navis6, Paul R Burton7, Martin D Tobin7, Alistair S Hall8, John R Thompson7, Tim Spector2,10 & Nilesh J Samani1,10
We conducted genome-wide association analyses of mean leukocyte telomere length in 2,917 individuals, with follow-up replication in 9,492 individuals. We identified an association with telomere length on 3q26 (rs12696304, combined P = 3.72 × 10?14) at a locus that includes TERC, which encodes the telomerase RNA component. Each copy of the minor allele of rs12696304 was associated with an ~75-base-pair reduction in mean telomere length, equivalent to ~3.6 years of age-related telomere-length attrition.
1 Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
2 Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
3 Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
4 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
5 Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
6 Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
7 Departments of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
8 Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
9 A full list of members is provided is provided in the Supplementary Note.
10 These authors contributed equally to this work.