近日,一個以英國科學家為主的科研團隊發(fā)現(xiàn),,一種從媽媽遺傳得來的變異可以使嬰兒的出生體重增加93g,,而若是從外祖母遺傳得來的,那么可以使出生體重增加155g,。相關(guān)論文發(fā)表在The American Journal of Human Genetics上,。
科學家說,一種基因突變會使嬰兒的出生體重增加,,最多可達到155g(5.5盅司),。
PHLDA2基因一直被認為是一種生長阻遏劑,能夠減輕嬰兒的出生體重,。
但是一個以英國科學家為主的科研團隊發(fā)現(xiàn),,一種從媽媽遺傳得來的變異可以使出生體重增加93g (3.3盅司),而若是從外祖母遺傳得來的,那么可以使出生體重增加155g,。
更多細節(jié)發(fā)表在The American Journal of Human Genetics期刊上,。
論文作者是倫敦大學學院的Gudrun Moore教授及其同事,他們一共對從媽媽和她們的孩子采集到的將近9,500個DNA樣本中的 PHLDA2基因進行了研究,,這些樣本分別從3個獨立的研究獲取得來,。
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一種叫做RS1的基因突變型似乎可以改變該基因的作用方式,從而導(dǎo)致更高的出生體重,。
“作為一種生長阻遏劑,,PHLDA2基因?qū)雰旱某錾w重有著舉足輕重的影響。” Moore說,。
“我們發(fā)現(xiàn),,PHLDA2的一個突變型如果是從媽媽繼承而來,那么寶寶的出生體重會增加93g左右,;如果是從媽媽的媽媽(外祖母)繼承而來,,那么將會增加115g左右。”
在志愿者中,,攜帶RS1突變型的人占總數(shù)的13%,,其余87%的 人則攜帶RS2突變型。
“我們認為,,只在人類身上發(fā)現(xiàn)的,、更為普遍的RS2基因型是自然選擇的結(jié)果——生出更為‘小巧’的寶寶可以減輕媽媽在分娩時的痛苦,降低風險指數(shù),。” Moore說道,。
“從進化層面來講,爸爸并沒有參與這個過程,。這可能與媽媽分娩時,,爸爸的存活并未受到影響有關(guān)。”
基因“被沉默”
PHLDA2基因只有從媽媽繼承而來時才會起作用,,如果是從爸爸繼承而來就會保持“沉默”,。父系基因的沉默由DNA周圍的分子決定的,這種現(xiàn)象可用表觀遺傳學來解釋,。
目前,,科學家們也無法對此做出科學的解釋,但他們推測,,這可能與確保媽媽安全分娩有關(guān),。
英國紐卡斯爾大學的Caroline Relton博士說:“盡管這項研究者只對出生體重進行了研究,但是也許這種遺傳變異會對嬰兒們產(chǎn)生長遠的健康影響,。”
“事實上,,與極端出生體重相關(guān)的長期健康影響很可能與這個基因以及其他相關(guān)遺傳因子有關(guān),。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.02.021
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PMID:
Maternal Inheritance of a Promoter Variant in the Imprinted PHLDA2 Gene Significantly Increases Birth Weight
Miho Ishida, David Monk, Andrew J. Duncan, Sayeda Abu-Amero, Jiehan Chong, Susan M. Ring, Marcus E. Pembrey, Peter C. Hindmarsh, John C. Whittaker, Philip Stanier and Gudrun E. Moore
Birth weight is an important indicator of both perinatal and adult health, but little is known about the genetic factors contributing to its variability. Intrauterine growth restriction is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality and is also associated with adult disease. A significant correlation has been reported between lower birth weight and increased expression of the maternal PHLDA2 allele in term placenta (the normal imprinting pattern was maintained). However, a mechanism that explains the transcriptional regulation of PHLDA2 on in utero growth has yet to be described. In this study, we sequenced the PHLDA2 promoter region in 263 fetal DNA samples to identify polymorphic variants. We used a luciferase reporter assay to identify in the PHLDA2 promoter a 15 bp repeat sequence (RS1) variant that significantly reduces PHLDA2-promoter efficiency. RS1 genotyping was then performed in three independent white European normal birth cohorts. Meta-analysis of all three (total n = 9,433) showed that maternal inheritance of RS1 resulted in a significant 93 g increase in birth weight (p = 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 22–163). Moreover, when the mother was homozygous for RS1, the influence on birth weight was 155 g (p = 0.04; 95% CI = 9–300), which is a similar magnitude to the reduction in birth weight caused by maternal smoking.