近日,，中科院西雙版納熱帶植物園的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，西雙版納地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)少數(shù)民族生活的庭院生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有效保存了野生物種的遺傳多樣性,。相關(guān)研究已在線發(fā)表在國際期刊《資源保護遺傳學(xué)》上,。
在西雙版納地區(qū)少數(shù)民族的生活中，庭院作為一種傳統(tǒng)的混農(nóng)林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具有悠久的歷史,。當(dāng)?shù)氐纳贁?shù)民族在生產(chǎn)勞作的過程中,，有意識地將一些有用的野生植物種子、幼苗引入到庭院中栽培,，并加以管理,，從而保存了豐富的植物物種。
例如,，被當(dāng)?shù)厝朔Q作臭菜的羽葉金合歡是西雙版納及鄰近地區(qū)少數(shù)民族普遍栽培的一種野生蔬菜,，廣泛種植于庭院,、綠籬、田地等生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,，栽培歷史悠久,。近年來，該地區(qū)大量的森林砍伐,、橡膠種植對臭菜的自然居群造成嚴(yán)重的破壞,，極大影響了野生臭菜的生存。
該園植物系統(tǒng)發(fā)育與保護生物學(xué)研究課題組采用SSR分子標(biāo)記,，對分布于西雙版納地區(qū)7個村寨的羽葉金合歡的庭院栽培居群和對應(yīng)采集來源地的野生居群,，進行了遺傳多樣性及居群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)的分析。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，庭院中栽培的居群保存了野生居群90%的遺傳變異,。在每一個調(diào)查點，栽培居群與野生居群無論在等位基因的多態(tài)性還是在雜合度方面都沒有顯著差異,，兩者也沒有顯著的遺傳分化,，表明庭院生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有效地保存了該物種的遺傳多樣性。
同時,，該研究還細致地從遺傳多樣性的角度,，揭示了少數(shù)民族的庭院文化與植物遺傳資源保護之間的關(guān)系。研究人員認(rèn)為,，利用傳統(tǒng)知識和文化信仰來增強對植物多樣性的保護,，也是對野生植物資源進行保護的合理途徑之一。(生物谷：Bioon.com)
doi:10.1007/s10592-012-0338-x
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Traditional home-garden conserving genetic diversity: a case study of Acacia pennata in southwest China
Jie Gao, Tianhua He and Qiao-Ming Li
Conserving biodiversity in human-dominated systems requires research into mechanisms that can maintain biodiversity in fragmented landscapes. Home-garden as traditional agroforestry system in many regions has shown great value in maintaining a wide range of species. Here we show that home-garden populations are also capable of maintaining high level of genetic variation. Using six polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers, we have genotyped 260 individuals of Acacia pennata, a popular wild vegetable in the tropical region of southeast Asia. Samples were collected from home-gardens and wild populations in Xishuangbanna, southwest China. Microsatellite DNA diversity in planted populations were compared with that in geographically nearby wild populations with similar population size. Over 90 % of microsatellite genetic variation in wild populations was also present in planted populations. Pairwise comparison of planted and adjacent wild population showed no significant difference in allelic diversity and heterozygosity. Analysis revealed no significant genetic differences between wild and planted populations, while four home-garden populations showed sign of bottleneck. We conclude that home-gardens show great promise in maintaining genetic diversity, and that these managed patches could be of significant conservation value in tropical regions.
