由深圳華大基因研究院,、深圳市第二人民醫(yī)院(簡(jiǎn)稱市二院)等單位組成的科研團(tuán)隊(duì),通過(guò)對(duì)99個(gè)膀胱癌患者樣本進(jìn)行全基因組及全外顯子測(cè)序研究,,發(fā)現(xiàn)了與姐妹染色單體結(jié)合及分離(sister chromatid cohesion and segregation, SCCS)相關(guān)的基因突變,,為膀胱癌診斷、治療提供了新思路,。最新研究成果于2013年10月13日在《自然•遺傳學(xué)》(Nature Genetics)雜志上發(fā)表,。
膀胱癌發(fā)病率居泌尿系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤的首位,而在西方國(guó)家其發(fā)病率僅次于前列腺癌,,居第2位,。膀胱移行細(xì)胞癌(TCC)是膀胱癌中最常見(jiàn)的組織學(xué)類型,男性發(fā)病率約為女性的3~4倍,,多發(fā)生于40-70歲之間,。目前,中國(guó)男性膀胱癌的年發(fā)病率已達(dá)十萬(wàn)分之八,,并呈逐年上升的趨勢(shì),。對(duì)于這一重要癌癥,目前卻沒(méi)有充足的基因組學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)供科研人員開(kāi)發(fā)新的治療方法以攻克膀胱癌,。
來(lái)自華大基因和市二院的科研人員對(duì)99個(gè)膀胱癌患者的組織樣本進(jìn)行了全基因組測(cè)序和全外顯子測(cè)序,,共發(fā)現(xiàn)13個(gè)重要的新突變基因和24個(gè)已知突變基因如TP53,HRAS, FGFR3,PIK3CA以及KRAS等,。在所發(fā)現(xiàn)的新突變基因中,,位于X染色體上的STAG2基因顯得尤為特別,該基因與SCCS過(guò)程息息相關(guān),??蒲腥藛T發(fā)現(xiàn)STAG2基因發(fā)生了高頻非同義突變,并且11個(gè)發(fā)生該基因突變的樣品中有9個(gè)都是終止突變,。此外,,與SCCS相關(guān)的ESPL1基因也發(fā)生了高頻突變。
研究人員還通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序?qū)?2對(duì)組織樣品進(jìn)行了研究,,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)有32個(gè)潛在的基因重排可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致基因融合,,并證實(shí)FGFR3和TACC3基因發(fā)生了融合。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),,TACC3的高表達(dá)不是TACC3基因自身的擴(kuò)增導(dǎo)致的,,而是通過(guò)FGFR3這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控因子來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)的。
此外,,研究結(jié)果顯示染色體的非整倍體性及不穩(wěn)定性與膀胱癌發(fā)生有關(guān),,并使膀胱癌成為首個(gè)擁有SCCS相關(guān)基因突變的癌癥。此外,,本研究為膀胱移行細(xì)胞瘤提供了更全面綜合的基因組突變信息,,并證明基因突變可影響SCCS過(guò)程,,同時(shí)為膀胱癌的診斷治療提供了一種新的可能性。
華大基因該項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人陳超指出:“在這次研究中,,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了多個(gè)與SCCS相關(guān)的突變,,包括STAG2、ESPL1基因的高頻突變以及FGFR3-TACC3基因融合,。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)證實(shí)SCCS相關(guān)基因突變確實(shí)與膀胱癌的發(fā)生有關(guān),,極大地推動(dòng)了膀胱癌遺傳學(xué)研究,同時(shí)也為膀胱癌的診斷治療提供了新思路,。此外,,研究中所獲得的數(shù)據(jù)資源也為以后膀胱癌的深入研究奠定了重要的科研基礎(chǔ)。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦英文摘要:
NATURE GENETICS doi:10.1038/ng.2798
Whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing of bladder cancer identifies frequent alterations in genes involved in sister chromatid cohesion and segregation
Guangwu Guo,, Xiaojuan Sun,, Chao Chen, Song Wu,, Peide Huang,, Zesong Li, Michael Dean,, Yi Huang,, Wenlong Jia, Quan Zhou,, Aifa Tang,, Zuoquan Yang, Xianxin Li,, Pengfei Song,, Xiaokun Zhao, Rui Ye,, Shiqiang Zhang,, Zhao Lin, Mingfu Qi,, Shengqing Wan,, Liangfu Xie, Fan Fan,, Michael L Nickerson,, Xiangjun Zou, Xueda Hu et al.
Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide,, with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) being the predominant form. Here we report a genomic analysis of TCC by both whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing of 99 individuals with TCC. Beyond confirming recurrent mutations in genes previously identified as being mutated in TCC,, we identified additional altered genes and pathways that were implicated in TCC. Notably, we discovered frequent alterations in STAG2 and ESPL1, two genes involved in the sister chromatid cohesion and segregation (SCCS) process. Furthermore,, we also detected a recurrent fusion involving FGFR3 and TACC3, another component of SCCS,, by transcriptome sequencing of 42 DNA-sequenced tumors. Overall,, 32 of the 99 tumors (32%) harbored genetic alterations in the SCCS process. Our analysis provides evidence that genetic alterations affecting the SCCS process may be involved in bladder tumorigenesis and identifies a new therapeutic possibility for bladder cancer.