在2008年2月7日的《神經(jīng)元》(Neuron)上,,Chiu等人研究了社交活動中的自閉癥病人的神經(jīng)活動,。大腦控制部分顯示出一種神經(jīng)反應(yīng)模式,該模式可以區(qū)分出個體在人際交往中表現(xiàn)出的行為,,哪些是自己的決定,哪些是他人的意愿。
我們知道,,從事社交活動的關(guān)鍵是人們可以對自身與他人的意愿做出正確的行為反應(yīng)。自閉癥病人在人際交流過程中不能做出恰當(dāng)?shù)匦袨榉磻?yīng),,從而導(dǎo)致與人際交往困難,。最值得注意的是,,自閉癥患者表現(xiàn)出嚴(yán)重的失去“自我”的反應(yīng)模式特征,這種特征參數(shù)與自閉癥的嚴(yán)重性相關(guān),,因此能夠客觀地描述癥狀的嚴(yán)重程度,。
在最新研究中,Chiu等人采用兩個獨立的腦功能核磁共振成像系統(tǒng)研究了自閉癥男性患者的神經(jīng)活動,。首先,,他們從影像中提取了大腦控制部分的扣帶皮層反應(yīng)的基本單位,其中大腦控制部分反映了人的想象與特征向量(自振)結(jié)合而產(chǎn)生的特定執(zhí)行行為,。其次,,他們發(fā)現(xiàn),在人際交往中,,個體自己作出決定(自我階段)時會也引起同樣的自振過程,。最后,通過人與人之間的交流游戲,,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,當(dāng)人們與同伴交流時,男性自閉癥病人表現(xiàn)出扣帶皮層自我反應(yīng)的急劇減少,,減少的程度在變化參數(shù)上與病人癥狀的嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān),,說明扣帶皮層自我反應(yīng)的減少值可以客觀地反映神經(jīng)的“內(nèi)在表型”。
這項研究成果可能為定量評估自閉癥提供參考方法,。(科學(xué)網(wǎng) 武彥文/編譯)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
(Neuron),,Vol 57, 463-473, 07 February 2008,Pearl H. Chiu, P. Read Montague
Self Responses along Cingulate Cortex Reveal Quantitative Neural Phenotype for High-Functioning Autism
Pearl H. Chiu, M. Amin Kayali, Kenneth T. Kishida, Damon Tomlin, Laura G. Klinger, Mark R. Klinger, and P. Read Montague,
Summary
Attributing behavioral outcomes correctly to oneself or to other agents is essential for all productive social exchange. We approach this issue in high-functioning males with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using two separate fMRI paradigms. First, using a visual imagery task, we extract a basis set for responses along the cingulate cortex of control subjects that reveals an agent-specific eigenvector (self eigenmode) associated with imagining oneself executing a specific motor act. Second, we show that the same self eigenmode arises during one's own decision (the self phase) in an interpersonal exchange game (iterated trust game). Third, using this exchange game, we show that ASD males exhibit a severely diminished cingulate self response when playing the game with a human partner. This diminishment covaries parametrically with their behaviorally assessed symptom severity, suggesting its value as an objective endophenotype. These findings may provide a quantitative assessment tool for high-functioning ASD.